General approaches to classification
There are many classifications of fabrics: types of suit and dress. They differ
- by type of raw material;
- season;
- finishing;
- type of weave;
- color;
- properties; purpose.
There is a large class
of different costume and dress fabrics for sewing the entire range of men's, women's and children's clothing, including outerwear and special-purpose products (uniforms, workwear). Its subclass is the dress group, which includes fabrics of various densities and compositions intended for the manufacture of women's dresses. These fabrics, in turn, are divided into smaller groups according to one of the characteristics, respectively, the density of the fabric and composition determine what to sew. Let's see what types of fabrics for dresses there are, their names and characteristics with photos.
Wall drapery
Draped walls are most often a festive decoration for an important occasion, so this type of decoration is temporary. However, even when used permanently, such drapery has a number of advantages:
- does not require construction experience;
- does not require preliminary preparation or treatment of walls;
- effectively hides existing defects;
- has soundproofing properties;
- when laying a layer of foam rubber between the fabric and the wall, it increases the thermal insulation of the room;
- This finish is not damaged by subsidence of the foundation or cracking of walls.
In addition, current types of material for draping walls have special impregnations against dust, moisture, and fading.
However, there are also limitations. Thus, pile fabrics, even with high-quality impregnations, accumulate more dust, so it is recommended to use them in small areas. In damp rooms (bathroom, kitchen), even moisture-repellent impregnation will not protect against dampness during long-term use.
Draping walls (and not just covering them with fabric instead of wallpaper) is not recommended in children's rooms and high-traffic areas (entrance hall, corridor). Textile wall decor is also not suitable for poor ventilation in rooms with leaky windows, near busy highways.
Drapery is usually secured to a wooden base so that the textile can be removed for washing.
By composition
Many properties of the material and finished products, as well as the rules for caring for them, depend on the composition. He can be
- natural;
- artificial;
- synthetic;
- mixed.
Natural
More expensive natural dress fabrics have good hygienic properties, but have their drawbacks - most of them wrinkle a lot and have poor stretch.
Linen
Natural fabric is durable, low-stretch and has good hygienic properties - it is hygroscopic, allows the skin to breathe, is hypoallergenic, and does not accumulate static electricity. Another very important and unique property of flax is that it prevents the development of bacteria.
Simple everyday dresses are made from linen, which perfectly protect against the summer heat and will keep you warm in the cold. Since linen does not stretch at all, it is better to choose loose styles. It is better not to use such material as office clothing, as wrinkled items look untidy.
On a note
The disadvantage of 100% linen is that it can shrink when washed and also wrinkles a lot.
Cotton
Inexpensive cotton fabric for dresses can be of different densities, colors and textures. Dresses made from cotton fabric absorb moisture well, allow the skin to breathe, and do not become electrified. Summer and winter dresses are made from it. The disadvantage of products made from pure dress cotton is their low elongation and high degree of creasing.
Silk
A very beautiful and expensive thin fabric with a shiny surface for a dress, made from silkworm cocoons. Lightweight fabric, drapes perfectly, has good hygienic properties - absorbs and evaporates moisture, allows air to pass through. Gives coolness in hot weather, warms in cold weather.
Flowing silk fabric is used to produce exquisite floor-length evening dresses and light summer sundresses with a loose silhouette. It goes well with lace and is used when sewing bride’s wedding dresses. Ultraviolet rays have a detrimental effect on natural silk - it loses color and strength.
Chiffon
Thin silk, very light and transparent. Chiffon airy dresses and sundresses are the personification of tenderness and femininity.
Useful
Silk and chiffon wrinkle very much, so they are rarely used in their pure form. Such products require delicate care and storage.
Wool
The range of woolen fabrics is unusually wide, as they are produced from different types of wool and in different ways. Thin and dense fabrics are used for dresses; they are soft, drape well, and wrinkle little. Such wardrobe items have good hygienic and thermal insulation properties, and also quickly dissipate odors (smoke, food).
The disadvantage of pure wool fabrics is low wear resistance and tendency to shrink.
Artificial
Viscose is considered a material equal to natural. Its fibers are produced from completely natural raw materials - wood cellulose, but with the use of chemicals, artificially. It is soft, has a matte shine, is hygroscopic, drapes well and forms beautiful folds.
Casual dresses of any style are sewn from it.
Synthetics
In the production of synthetic fibers, natural raw materials are not used, but only polymers. They are highly durable, wrinkle less, are resistant to shrinkage and hold their shape well.
Polyester
Polyester is widely used for the production of dresses.
Outwardly, it is very similar to silk, but very inexpensive. Draps well, soft, durable, wear-resistant, does not wrinkle and does not require complex care. Polyester dresses can be of completely different styles and purposes.
Useful
100% polyester can cause allergies, is electrified, and is airtight, so it can be hot in summer, but the latter property depends on the type of fiber weave.
Mixed
To improve the performance qualities of natural fabrics, synthetic fibers or other natural fibers are added to them in various proportions. In this case, some properties may be deteriorated.
Stretch cotton
Read about: how to dye fabric using batik, kalamkari, mehendi techniques
Thanks to the addition of a small percentage of lycra to dress cotton, the fabric acquires new positive qualities - it wrinkles less and stretches well. Dresses made from this fabric are very comfortable, softly fit the figure and do not hinder movement.
Linen with lavsan
Adding polyester fibers to linen allows you to sew not only very comfortable, but also practical dresses. They wrinkle much less and their wear resistance increases.
Wool with silk, viscose
By adding viscose and silk to coarse wool, the cost of the material is reduced, it also becomes softer and more pleasant to the touch, looks better, and is easier to dye. Adding viscose to fine wool, on the contrary, worsens its quality: softness and elasticity decrease, creasing increases.
Wool with cotton
By adding cotton, the wool fabric becomes more durable, but the appearance deteriorates, and it also wrinkles more and is more likely to shrink. The cost of the canvas is also significantly reduced.
Door drapery
Draped textiles are used both above the doorway in the form of curtains of various configurations, and inside the door itself (if they have a large area for glazing) - instead of glass.
In the first case, the model of the curtain over the door should replicate as much as possible the one on the windows, in the second - any fabric in the room (bedspreads, tablecloths, walls - if they are covered with fabric).
Draped inserts inside door leaves are used not only for interior doors, but also for cabinet doors. They give the room a unique coziness and originality.
Often, when decorating doorways, it is much more profitable and interesting to use draped textiles instead of doors. This solution will be relevant where there is no need for complete isolation of rooms (from the hallway to the living room, from the living room to the dining room, from the kitchen to the dining room, from the bedroom to the office). The main requirement is that curtains should not interfere with the free movement of people between rooms. To do this, they can be picked up on one or both sides, made in the form of threads.
By weave type
The properties of the fabric depend not only on the type of raw material used, but also on the method of weaving the threads. The following classification of dress fabrics is based on their division according to this criterion.
Simple (smooth)
Linen
This is one of the simplest types of weaving longitudinal and transverse threads (warp and weft), when both sides of the fabric are the same. The higher the density, the stiffer the fabric will be. They are easy to cut and used for sewing simple everyday dresses and loose-fitting sundresses, since they have almost no stretch and will hamper movement if you choose a tight-fitting style.
Taffeta
Taffeta made from different fibers is used for dresses. Polyester taffeta is thin, shiny, rustles a little, and holds its shape. Viscose taffeta is softer. It goes well with lace and guipure and is mainly used for sewing elegant and evening dresses.
On a note
Among the types of shiny fabrics, a separate group consists of coated materials.
Twill
Twill weave fabrics are denser; a distinctive feature is that the threads on the surface form diagonal stripes (ribs), usually at an angle of 45 degrees. This material (twill) stretches much better than linen, especially diagonally, it is softer, but less durable. Almost any type of dress is sewn from twill. When cutting, the stretchability of the fabric and the possibility of distortion should be taken into account.
Satin (satin)
The front side is smooth and shiny. Satin material is durable and abrasion-resistant, very soft and elastic, and drapes well. This is one of the most expensive fabrics for evening dresses and other dresses, wedding and ballroom.
Finely patterned
Matting is similar in appearance to linen, although it can be made from cotton, linen, wool, silk, or polyester. The threads in it are intertwined in pairs, forming a small convex pattern. It is soft and elastic, wrinkles little and is easy to care for. This is a costume and dress fabric; men's and women's suits and hats are made from it.
Crepe is one of the most popular types of weave for dress fabrics. Varieties: crepe satin dress , crepe georgette, crepe chiffon, crepe de Chine. In production, threads of any composition are used, twisted to the right and left. The front surface is rough (except for crepe-satin). This material is very soft, drapes well and hardly wrinkles. It should be taken into account that the crepe crumbles when cutting, so you need to leave small allowances.
Large patterned
Jacquard dress fabrics
They are woven on special jacquard looms. They are distinguished by high density and strength, and hold their shape well. There are monochrome (light or dark) and color. In monochrome, when the angle of incidence of light changes, you can see a clear pattern. In colored jacquard, the main color is located in the thickness of the fabric, and additional colors form a pattern on its surface.
They are used to make sheath dresses that will look appropriate both at a business meeting and at a party (especially if you choose the accessories). This material does not require complex styles, as it is very original in itself. Evening jacquard dresses can be of any length and style: floor-length, fitted, A-line, with or without sleeves. In combination with organza and jacquard satin, luxurious wedding dresses are made.
Complex
Pile
They consist of several systems of threads (two warps and one or two wefts), which form a one-and-a-half or two-layer weave. Dress fabrics of this type include pile fabrics. On the surface of such fabrics, piles of varying lengths are formed.
Pile fabrics (velvet, velor, plush) are soft, stretch well, wear-resistant, pleasant to the body, and “breathe”. For their production, they mainly use viscose and cotton and sew festive and stage dresses from them.
Openwork
Openwork dress fabrics are extremely beautiful and are used to make elegant dresses. In recent years, everyday openwork items have also become popular. They go well with all other types of fabrics, especially cotton and mesh.
What fabric to choose for curtains: rules for selection by color, pattern, combination with wallpaper, interior
Harmony or contrast.
It is according to these parameters that curtains are chosen. If in the first case it is assumed that they will not stand out from the general color scheme of the room, then in the second case they should become part of a bright accent that contrasts with the main tone. Professionals advise adhering to the following principles when determining which fabric is best for curtains: 1. Combination with wallpaper. The color may be a little brighter or more subtle. You can combine it in details - edgings, borders. The pattern on the wallpaper can be completely repeated on the curtains, but must differ in size.
2. With upholstered furniture. A combination of curtains with the color scheme of the upholstery of chairs, sofas, and prints on decorative pillows.
3. The shade of the curtains can be in tune with the carpet. For curtains, it is better to choose fabric of the same tone as the flooring.
4. Playing in contrast. Curtains can become a rich accent of a room. This is appropriate provided there is neutral monochrome in the setting (beige, light gray, white). This solution is suitable for large rooms.
5. Cool shades visually enlarge the room, while warm shades make the room smaller, but create a feeling of comfort. What fabric to choose for curtains also depends on the amount of furniture and free space in the apartment.
The choice of tulle also depends on what fabric you choose for curtains. White curtains are considered a classic. But in some interiors you can use tulles that contrast with the curtains.
Care
In many ways, the rules for caring for dresses depend on the raw materials used in the production of the fabric. In order not to spoil the item, you need to familiarize yourself with the composition and recommendations indicated on the label. Some items cannot be washed at all - they should be dry cleaned. The main thing that should be observed when washing is the temperature regime:
- linen dyed dresses are washed at a water temperature of no higher than 30 degrees;
- unpainted - at any temperature;
- cotton - depending on density;
- It is better to wash viscose ones at 30 degrees.
Openwork and thin dresses made of silk, chiffon, fine wool and satin deserve special attention and careful care. We recommend gentle hand washing in warm water and the use of liquid detergents.
We recommend
It is important not to twist items made of silk, wool and viscose, as when wet the fibers become much less durable and can be damaged.
Such items should be stored separately from the rest, preferably in special cases, since if they come into contact with zippers, buttons or rhinestones, snags can easily form on them.
Thanks to modern technologies, the range of dress fabrics is so wide that it allows you to choose a material that is beautiful and original in texture, which is suitable for any occasion, and at the same time will not necessarily be expensive.
© 2021 textiletrend.ru
