Plis fabric: description and properties. How to care for products made from velvet

Due to the constant replenishment of the fabric market with new, more advanced synthetic and mixed materials, the popularity of most natural traditional fabrics is inevitably declining. However, despite this, some of them manage to remain in demand. Such fabrics include plisse, whose history goes back several centuries.

More information about the material

What is pleated fabric? This material is a type of velvet. It has a characteristic fluffy pile, however, it has some differences from velvet. The component material of velvet is silk, which significantly increases the cost of the fabric. And plisse belongs to the category of more budget options.

The matter got its name from the Latin word “pilus”, which means “hair”. Plis is a fabric with history; it began to be produced back in the 17th century, and the material became widespread in the 19th century, after its mass production began in Manchester.

So, please, what kind of fabric is this, what description can you give it? The material has a high pile and a characteristic ribbed structure.

In order to understand the features of the corduroy material, it is important to refer to its production. In the process of creating the material, three threads are used - the warp, weft, and a third, from which loops are formed. Subsequently, they are trimmed, which makes it possible to obtain a special pile. Another feature of the fabric is the use of twill or plain weave with a dense structure. After the threads are cut, the weft is raised slightly.

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What is corduroy fabric

The word “plis” itself came to us from the Swedish language, although from French this word is translated as “plush”. What is this fabric? As a rule, its basis is cotton fabric, although wool is occasionally used. The resemblance to velvet is created thanks to the short-cut pile. True, the length of the pile is still longer than that of velvet. Consequently, all types of velvet are classified as weft-pile (the fabric consists of weft, warp and cut pile). The process of creating fabric involves weaving a cotton warp with a weft, which forms loops. To make the loops become pile, they are cut and combed.

Plain or twill weaving is used to create the base. The advantage of this technology is that the pile loops will hold very firmly in the weave and will not begin to fray even after repeated washings. But this same weaving makes sewing corduroy products very difficult. Therefore, small and complex parts are usually not made from velvet. And, of course, the pile itself is an excellent dust collector, like any similar fabric.

What is made from velvet

Plis is used to make:

• bedspread;
• tablecloths;
• curtains and drapes;
• home clothes (suits, dressing gowns);
• casual clothing for adults and children;
• upholstery fabrics for furniture;
• for carnival costumes;
• workwear;
• accessories;
• toys.

• Equipment
• Instructions

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How much does plis cost?

The wholesale price of a linear meter of material starts from 200 rubles. Depending on the composition and nature of the pattern, corduroy can cost 400-700 rubles per meter. Despite the presence of its own production, the Russian market presents fabrics mainly made in China.

Plis is considered a budget variety of velvet. The difference between them is that corduroy has a longer pile, and instead of silk, cotton thread is used in its production. As for consumer properties, they are no worse.

What is sewn from pleated fabric?

The variety of products made from pleated fabric amazes the imagination of fashion designers and decorators.

• light blouses;
• various skirts;
• dresses and tunics;
• coat;
• trousers;
• school uniforms and universal office suits;
• scarves and stoles;
• inserts in the sleeves and hem of the dress;
• decorative elements for a banquet hall;
• interior decoration;
• bags and shoes;
• lampshades and floor lamps;
• umbrellas and hats;
• blinds;
• window curtains.

Pleated shoes
The style of Greek tunics gradually turned into the look of a cocktail dress. And the use of the tulle pleated principle quietly entered the use of corrugated structures in filters, parts for industry, and the manufacture of musical instruments similar to accordion bellows.

Curtains with pleated elements

Design solutions in interior design affected not only the creation of a lambrequin, but also individual elements in the form of weights and frills for curtains. Pleated curtains and blinds are not surprising in their design, which have become familiar to the modern consumer. Beautifully designed pleated windows can close an opening in a wall of any configuration, from an arch to a more complex shape.

Tulle skirt

Peculiarities

Speaking about the type of fabric where the bulk of the materials are natural (classic look), we can highlight the following positive qualities:

• Breathes well and is environmentally friendly;
• Does not cause allergic reactions;
• Has good thermoregulation;
• The fabric is pleasant to the touch;
• Attractive appearance;
• The material is wear-resistant;
• The fabric can be draped;

It is important to note some disadvantages of the material:

• Requires special care;
• Gets dirty quickly.

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Types of fabric

Main types:

Velveteen

A material with short and dense pile, formed from weft overlaps. It is made from pure cotton wool or from a mixture of cotton thread and synthetic (polyester). Velveteen is easier to process and wears less.

Beaver

A blended fabric made from cotton yarn and polyester monofilament. The material with a double structure is especially resistant to dirt, hygroscopic and comfortable to use. This is achieved by placing polyester threads on the front side, and cotton threads on the back side.

Furniture pleat

Thick material with a very dense base. The pile is most often produced from half-woolen or woolen threads.

Advantages and disadvantages

The characteristics of corduroy depend on the properties of the threads from which it is made. But mostly it is a natural material.

The advantages include:

• environmental friendliness;
• non-toxic;
• antibacterial;
• cotton does not harbor dust mites;
• hypoallergenic;
• thermoregulating properties - in extreme heat it will prevent you from sweating, and in cold weather it will prevent you from freezing;
• pleasant tactile properties;
• resistance to external influences.

Minuses:

• capricious in care;
• does not iron well;
• Dust and small debris are attracted to the pile.

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Care

Products made from corduroy will last a long time if you remember the characteristics of the material. The fabric is easy to care for, but requires following the following rules:

1. Materials made from natural fibers are only allowed to be dry cleaned; textiles with synthetics can be washed, but only by hand at 25-30 °C. Do not rub vigorously or use hard brushes.
2. Use liquid detergents: they penetrate the fibers faster and are easier to rinse.
3. Do not bleach.
4. Do not twist or squeeze too hard. To remove water, the product should be rolled up in a towel and held until the moisture is absorbed. Or place it on a raised surface after washing to allow the water to drain naturally.
5. Dry away from heating devices.
6. Iron from inside out with a warm iron. To prevent the pile from becoming wrinkled, the material should be placed face down on the same fabric or terry towel. But the best smoothing option is vertical steaming.

Important. Items that cannot be washed should be shaken out, vacuumed or brushed regularly.

History of creation and description of velvet

The name of this fabric comes from the Latin word “pilus”, which translates as “hair”. The material was first produced in the 17th century. It became widespread two centuries later, after corduroy factories opened in Manchester. In those days, matter was inexpensive, so it was available to all segments of the population.

The fabric appeared on Russian territory in the 18th century and immediately became very popular among all classes. Nobles and wealthy people wore corduroy home clothes and comfortable shoes.

The material has a high pile and a characteristic ribbed structure. The corduroy is durable and has a beautiful appearance.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

Advantages of velvet:

• Softness, comfortable to wear.
• Ability to retain heat well.
• Good air permeability.
• Resistance to deformation (does not wrinkle, does not shrink after washing).
• Environmentally friendly.
• Hypoallergenic.
• Good hygroscopicity.
• External attractiveness.

Disadvantages of the material:

• Capricious when washing.
• Plush is difficult to iron.
• The pile attracts dust and small specks (especially if the fabric composition is synthetic).

KLB structure.

In the basic XC4000 FPGA series from Xilinx, the main unit of equipment is considered to be a CLB, consisting of two flip-flops and two LTs. In the new series of FPGAs, the number of triggers and LTs has doubled and quadrupled. In order to leave the same piece of equipment for all series, we agreed to call a CLB consisting of two triggers and two LTs an equivalent CLB (ECLB) or CLB slice. Thus, the Virtex series CLB consists of two ECLBs, and the VirtexII series - of four ECLBs.

Composition, properties and types of fabric, pros and cons

The pile of a material such as corduroy is made exclusively from cotton raw materials. The warp threads of the plush fabric can be either natural (woolen, half-woolen, silk) or synthetic. The use of synthetics significantly reduces the cost of the finished textile product.

Plis is a type of velvet. Unlike the latter, corduroy fabric has a higher and denser pile. Despite its high density, corduroy is a fabric that is soft to the touch and products from which are comfortable to wear.

There are the following types of this matter:

• corduroy, which is a thin fabric with cotton weft;
• beaver, which is made from a mixture of polyester and cotton fibers;
• Furniture corduroy is a durable and dense woolen or wool-blend fabric.

The advantages of corduroy include:

• high strength;
• wear resistance;
• environmental friendliness;
• hypoallergenic - corduroy products do not cause allergies, so they can be worn by allergy sufferers, asthmatics, children and pregnant women;
• non-susceptibility to the appearance and reproduction of bed mites and other pathogens;
• excellent thermoregulation - thanks to this quality, clothes made of corduroy are not hot in summer and not cold in winter;
• hygroscopicity - the fabric is able to absorb moisture while remaining dry;
• aesthetics - the material has an attractive appearance;
• drapability - the material forms natural folds;
• resistance to negative external factors;
• softness;
• low creasing.

Among the disadvantages of corduroy are:

• ability to attract dust, wool, hair;
• difficulties in care.

Varieties of velvet

Among its most popular varieties are:

• velveteen is a fabric with cotton weft, made from very fine yarn;
• beaver is a fabric made from a mixture of cotton and polyester fibers, the pile is made of cotton, and the back side is made of polyester, so the front side is waterproof and resistant to stains, and the back side is hygroscopic, environmentally friendly and comfortable;
• Furniture pleat is a fabric with a very dense base. The pile is usually made of wool or wool blend fibers.

Production technology

Silk, wool and cotton can be used to produce fabric such as corduroy, but it was originally cotton . There are three threads - warp, weft and additional (the additional one produces a high pile). Due to the tight weave of the warp threads, the weft rises noticeably.

To make the pile look attractive, it is carefully combed and trimmed during the production process. Pile threads are almost always cotton, and any warp threads can be used (cotton, silk, wool). The addition of synthetic impurities reduces the cost of the material, but has a negative impact on its consumer properties (it becomes less hygroscopic and begins to electrify).

Raw materials and production

To produce corduroy, cotton, wool, and silk are used as raw materials. In the production process, three main threads are used - the main thread, the weft thread and the additional pile thread, from which the loops are formed. These loops are then cut and a pile is formed, which reaches a length of 3 to 6 mm. The warp threads are woven together very tightly (usually a twill or plain weave is used), so when the pile fibers are cut, the weft rises slightly.

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The pile is combed and neatly trimmed, after which it acquires the desired appearance. The pile threads are almost always cotton, while the warp threads can be wool, wool blend, cotton or spun silk. Often, synthetic fiber is added during the production process, which reduces the cost of production, but has a negative impact on the quality consumer characteristics - electrification increases, hygroscopicity decreases.

Areas of use of the material

This is a fabric in demand in the textile industry. It is widely used for sewing:

• clothing for adults and children, including outerwear;
• summer and insulated wardrobe items;
• home clothes;
• products for special occasions;
• workwear;
• indoor shoes;
• home textiles;
• decorative items and accessories.

The material is also used in interior decoration for wall coverings and as upholstery material for furniture. Occasionally you can find plush soft toys.

What and how to make pleating from

Making pleated fabrics at home involves using a hot iron and compounds to secure the folds. An inexpensive option for getting velvet.

• Using a paper template makes it easier to form even longitudinal folds of the same width.
• Steaming with a heavy iron is equivalent to working with a press.
• Using a pad moistened with a solution of vinegar and water gives the created pleats durability.
• Using laundry soap or adhesive solutions on the reverse side for fabrics containing wool.
• You can contact a custom tailoring shop for more professional production of pleated pleats.

The fabrics used must withstand the use of high temperatures of a hot press, not lose shape diagonally, and not lose the properties of elasticity and resilience after pressing. Pleated fabric is available for home use. The pleated fabric for the skirt is selected in accordance with the task. For evening dresses, light fabrics are chosen. Pleated knitwear is chosen for making warm clothes, coats, and trousers. You can always make a pleated fabric first and then sew clothes from it.

Composition and properties

Modern plisse is a fabric with a pile length of 5-6 mm, indistinguishable from velvet in the photo. It is made mainly from cotton or wool yarn, or with synthetic additives.

The material is produced on special machines using velvet weaving. The fabric itself is formed through the use of several threads: in addition to the weft and warp, the composition includes an additional one - forming loops. The fibers are woven very tightly, lifting the weft threads. Next, the loops are trimmed and sanded, resulting in a soft, plush surface on the front side.

Important. Fabric is quite difficult to sew: the pile material frays on the cuts and moves when cutting.

Logical table.

The role of the main logical element in the FPGA is played by a logic table (LT) or look-up table (LUT), which is a one-bit RAM with 16 cells. A unit is written in the LT at the address G3, G2, G1, G0 if the address code is a constituent of the unit of a given four-input logical function. For example, if a one is written at address 1,1,1,1, and zero at the other addresses, then the LT implements a four-input AND function. In Fig. shows an example of coding a four-input Exclusive OR function.

LT triggers are part of the programming shift register and their initial state is filled during the FPGA configuration period.

An easy excursion into the history of pleated

Placing fabric in numerous folds and pressing it with an iron has been used since the birth of fashion trends at receptions in palaces and was welcomed by art connoisseurs. Making it at home has been successfully used by young ladies for many centuries to create a romantic image.

The industrial production of pleated fabric was proposed by the Italian fashion designer Mariano Fortuny i Madrazo at the beginning of the 19th century. Silk pleated, presented in the form of a tunic dress, was recognized as a work of art and marked the beginning of the fashion for pleated skirts, dresses, blouses and other wardrobe elements.

Almost any fabric can be pleated, which has been successfully used on an industrial scale for the last century. Flat folds of fabric, similar to accordion bellows, were divided into

• one-sided, with a bend to the right or left;
• bilateral.

A visual increase in volume due to folding the fabric in three gives the product elegance and creates an airy effect. The production of material with stable small folds is used in the manufacture of all forms of clothing and wardrobe items.

Options for pleated skirts

The spread of drapery fabrics and wardrobe products was widely used in Japan, Egypt and Azerbaijan. The classic method of creating pleats by hand has been passed down for generations.

The most common use of pleats in skirt making is still used today. The opportunity to hide figure defects or visually lengthen your legs and make your waist thinner is provided by a pleated wardrobe item in the form of a skirt or dress.

Who suits pleated clothes?

Pleated fabric can hide some figure imperfections, giving the image a romantic and airy feel. Used pleated clothing

• pregnant women;
• obese girls with no waist;
• very thin people who want to visually increase their body size;
• fashionistas to emphasize airiness and sophistication;
• artists - singers, ballerinas, dancers.

Any of the selected images will add femininity to the owner of the pleated dress.

Combining a pleated skirt with other items of clothing

Creating an image largely depends on the use of various accessories in the form of straps, hats, and properly selected shoes.

Organza and wool, denim and leather, silk and chiffon - absolutely any fabric can be pleated. An accessory that matches the clothing style is also selected, harmoniously emphasizing the woman’s image.

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Stiletto heels go better with a pleated tulle skirt than sneakers, but the fashion trends of modern tastes also take this youthful squeak into account. The use of chunky boots instead of sandals and a leather bag instead of a satin handbag is welcomed on the fashion show catwalk.

In reality, evening wear for a romantic meeting is used more in the classic style of selecting wardrobe elements.

Important! Daytime and casual wear, in harmony with a pleated skirt, can be turtlenecks and blouses, T-shirts and jackets.

Material characteristics

Since corduroy is originally a cotton fabric, the material with this particular composition has the following advantages:

• environmental friendliness. The material is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and harmless to the body;
• antibacterial. Dust mites and other microorganisms do not grow in cotton;
• hypoallergenic. Does not cause allergic reactions or irritation on the skin, can be recommended for people suffering from allergies and bronchial asthma;
• thermoregulatory properties. Cotton, like many natural fabrics, has the ability to create a comfortable temperature for a person - in the heat it will not let you sweat, and in the cold it will not let you freeze;
• hygroscopicity. Absorbs moisture while remaining dry;
• tactile properties. The material is pleasant to the touch, soft, velvety and warm;
• visual characteristics.
• Draps well, looks presentable, and is resistant to external influences.

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The disadvantages include some capriciousness in care, mainly in ironing, as well as the fact that small debris and dust are attracted to the pile, especially if the composition contains synthetic fiber.

The characteristics of corduroy, which contains other materials, mainly depends on the characteristics of these materials and the percentage of fibers.

Application and care

Warm, soft and virtually wrinkle-free cotton fabric with pile is still used for warm clothing, including children's clothing, trim that imitates fur, and indoor shoes. This material is still widely used for decorating rooms, upholstering furniture, and making thick curtains. Of course, its scope is not as wide as it was a century ago, but consumers are attracted by its environmental friendliness and naturalness.

This fabric is very durable, it does not deform and drapes beautifully . Modern corduroy is painted in a variety of bright colors; its surface may have a slight shine or pronounced diagonal scars.

The main disadvantages of pile materials are strong absorption of dust, so fleece products must be regularly cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. There are certain difficulties when cutting and sewing, especially if synthetics are added to the composition. High pile usually wrinkles after washing and requires additional styling. However, in general, caring for velvet is less complicated than other types of velvet:

• This material can be washed in warm water by hand or on a delicate machine cycle.
• It is necessary to use high-quality detergents that do not contain bleaches and do not leave grains when dissolved.
• Mechanical stress and spinning are contraindicated for this fabric.
• It should be dried well, out of direct sunlight.
• Instead of ironing, it is better to use a steamer, and the crumpled pile should be combed with a brush.

How to care?

To ensure that the product does not lose its original appearance in a short time, it is important to pay special attention to care:

• As a cleaning method, use only hand washing, without strong mechanical influence (friction, spinning, etc.).
• Products can only be dried using natural methods.
• The iron will damage the fabric. You can use a steamer instead.
• If you have to use an iron, iron the product only from the wrong side.
• Cotton-only fabric should not be dry cleaned.
• If the item is covered with dust (curtains, bedspreads), you can use the vacuum cleaner at minimum speeds.

By taking care of your fabric responsibly, you can ensure its long life. Plis is a practical and high-quality material that will become the basis for beautiful and safe clothing. Keeping in mind the simple rules of care, you can ensure the material has a long life in its original condition.

If you want to buy high-quality and durable fabric, you should pay attention to such an elegant material as corduroy. Refer to the assortment of our website to find an option to your liking.

Types of corduroy and their specifications

The most common varieties of velvet at the moment are:

• beaver;
• velveteen;
• furniture pleat.

Beaver is made on the basis of polyester thread, which is durable and resistant to stains. It is not difficult to guess that fabric with such parameters (by the way, beaver is also very cheap) is used for sewing work clothes. Therefore, if you set out to buy yourself a piece of beaver, it will most likely be either very dark, or, conversely, the brightest possible signal shade (as in the uniform of traffic police, housing and communal services workers, etc.). This fabric first appeared in the weaving factories of Manchester.

Corduroy (aka corduroy) differs little from corduroy itself. The main difference is the longitudinal scars cut into the fabric. Initially, this fabric was used for sewing curtains. At the moment, we are surrounded by a large number of clothes and shoes using corduroy.

Furniture corduroy is distinguished by its strength and resistance to damage. The weft is woven from wool, and the most dense weave is selected for the warp. Thanks to these parameters, furniture covered with velvet does not rub or fade for a long time, and can survive several careful cleanings.

Application area

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Pleated fabrics have found their application in the following areas:

• production of home textiles (bedspreads, tablecloths, curtains and drapes, decorative pillows);
• light industry - clothing for adults and children for various purposes: home (robes, home suits), casual (jackets, dresses, suits, trousers and jackets), as well as masquerade and carnival costumes;
• production of workwear;
• furniture production - as upholstery for upholstered furniture.

Less popular, but still used, corduroy is also used in the production of toys, as well as accessories and decorative elements.

19th century fabrics, names and purposes

The ranks of admirers of antique dolls are becoming wider and wider. A new girl arrives at the house and a thousand questions immediately arise. Examine, wash, clean, treat and of course dress! What? Which is correct? Where can you find similar fabrics in modern analogues? After all, it is not always possible to buy an original antique dress; there are fewer and fewer of them, and the prices are higher, alas! We rush to the Internet with all our might and rack our brains and tongues at strange names. How to figure it all out? This publication is rather an informational one, for craftswomen just starting the thorny path of sewing outfits for antique dolls! But perhaps new things will open up for experienced seamstresses.

The publication will be supplemented with photos with names. Guests with a professional eye can also add. Glad to see everyone!

OPEN - cotton, silk or wool fabric with a through pattern. The name comes from the French ajour (ajourer) - to make through, transmitting light. Since the 1830s, the process of making openwork was mechanized, after which openwork stockings, shawls, scarves and napkins for furniture became cheaper and became fashionable.

ALPACA (alpaca) is a lightweight fabric made from alpaca llama wool with a shiny surface. It came into fashion in the 1860s, but was quite rare and expensive, so fashion magazines recommend replacing it with “a high-grade lustrine that looks like it” (see lustrin).

SATIN is a fabric with a smooth shiny front surface. Used for men's vests and ties. From the 20s of the 19th century until the start of the First World War, women's dresses were made from it. The name is Arabic, translated from Arabic it means smooth.

The main types of atlas common in the 19th century were:

- luxor (French lucsor, from the name of the Egyptian city of Luxor) - a fabric made of silk with wool, most often patterned;

- pompadour - dark satin with a gold pattern, used for court dresses;

- mentenon - dark satin woven with flowers;

- dubarry - light satin woven with flowers;

- trianon - satin with a pattern of carnations.

(These names are given in honor of the favorites of the French kings Madame Pompadour, Madame de Maintenon and Madame DuBarry. The last name is in honor of Marie Antoinette’s favorite palace).

VELVET is a pile fabric with a soft, fluffy front surface created by introducing a special pile thread. Made from various raw materials: silk, cotton, wool. In Russia, the first silk manufactory, which also produced velvet, was organized in 1717. It was used for sewing court dresses, coats, cloaks, hats, and book bindings (“Velvet Book”). The velvet blouse was part of the artist's costume.

Varieties of VELVET:

- corduroy - dense cotton fabric with weft pile that extends to the front surface in the form of longitudinal scars. The name comes from the English word velvet - velvet. In the 19th century it was used mainly as upholstery for furniture.

- velor - from the French velours - velvet, dense woolen fabric with short, thick and soft pile. Later they began to call this the special processing of felt, during which it acquired pile.

LAMBISTE is a thin, translucent linen or cotton fabric made from bleached plain weave threads. Blouses, light dresses, underwear, and handkerchiefs were made from it. The name of the fabric comes from the name of its creator François Baptiste from Cambrai, a French weaver who lived in the 13th century.

BAREGE is a thin translucent semi-silk or semi-woolen fabric created using the gas technique, when the warp and weft threads are not nailed tightly to each other. The name comes from the French village of Bareges, where this fabric was first produced. In the 19th century, silk barège was one of the most expensive fabrics; later it became cheaper, as spinning waste was used to make it, combining an untwisted silk warp with a cotton or wool weft. It went out of fashion at the end of the 19th century.

BLOND - silk lace made from raw silk. The name comes from the French blonde - golden, reddish, light brown, blond. Later they became white or black (the so-called “Chantilly” - from the French Chantilly - a city in France, near Paris, where they were produced). Blondes served as decoration for dresses, shawls, capes, umbrellas and even handkerchiefs. They were quite expensive (“For young women these capes are made from embroidered tulle, and for rich women from white blond Chantilly” (“Moscow Telegraph”, 1827, No. 16, p. 134).

BROCAT (brocatel) - light silk or semi-silk fabric with gold or silver thread (Lurex). Used for sewing elegant dresses and blouses.

BROCHE (Lyon brooch) is a variegated woolen fabric, distinguished by a more or less smooth background with figures distributed over it.

Boucled SILK is silk with “non-strands” (irregularities) on the surface resulting from the use of warp and weft threads of different thicknesses. Used for sewing elegant ball gowns.

Calico is a thick thick cotton or linen fabric, plain-dyed or printed, soft to the touch. Coarse plain calico was used for bed linen, linings, etc. Inexpensive women's and children's dresses were made from thin calico with a printed pattern.

GAS is a silk or cotton translucent fabric in which large gaps are left between the warp and weft threads. Used for capes, scarves, thicker varieties: for outer dresses.

In fashion since the 1830s:

- gas-crystal, remarkable for the shimmer of multi-colored threads, reminiscent of the shine of precious stones,

— Donna Maria gas — white, woven with silver;

- Chambery gauze with colored satin stripes on a white field, often decorated with silk embroidered flowers;

— gaze de Sylphide — a very light and airy gas of different colors;

- haze Cephise - woven with a pattern of branches and leaves;

- gaz marabou - golden fabric, somewhat denser than usual, as it was woven from twisted threads. The name comes from the marabou stork, whose wavy feathers, used for fans and boas, resembled twisted silk threads;

— gaz-rice is softer, since it was also woven from raw silk, but from untwisted yarn;

- blonde satin (see “blonds”) - pink, blue, cherry, etc. gauze fabric covered with a pattern of satin flowers and branches.

GLAZET - shiny brocade, with a colored silk warp and metal weft, woven with gold and silver patterns. The name comes from the French word glace - glossy. It was used for sewing court dresses (in particular, for order dresses of Grand Duchesses), uniforms, and priestly vestments.

GRISETTE is a cheap gray silk or woolen fabric, from which, in particular, poor French seamstresses sewed elegant dresses, for which they were nicknamed grisettes (French grisette from gris - “gray”). Later, grisettes began to be dyed red, green and blue and steel (copper, brass or gold) threads were added to imitate gold embroidery, which made the fabric much more elegant and prestigious. It was also used for making caps.

GROGRON - expensive, usually single-color silk fabric made from intact silkworm cocoons, producing the longest possible thread. The name comes from the French word gros - silk.

Varieties:

- Grodenaple - a dense plain silk fabric, woven from thick, several threads, warp and weft. Used to make hats and ties;

- Grodafrik - rep weave silk fabric with large floral patterns, name from the French. gros d'afrique - African gros. Used to make dresses, mainly among merchants;

- grodetur (set) - very dense (due to the fact that each warp thread is covered with two weft threads) single-color dark fabric. Named after the original place of production - Tours in France. Wrinkle-resistant and wearable, it was used for sewing women's and men's dresses, mainly among the merchants and clergy.

Also known are narrow striped silk gros d'Anvers, single-color moire with a particularly clear tint - gromoire, the so-called Chinese grodeschin, groderien, etc.

DRADEDRAM - thick, cheap woolen material. Sonya Marmeladova had a green damask scarf.

SMOKE is a light translucent plain fabric with gauze or crepe weave. Usually it was light in color and was used for girls' ball gowns. Natasha Rostova and Sonya arrived at their first ball in white haze dresses with pink silk covers. Later a haze of dark tones appeared, often with a metallic thread. In the 1830s, haze began to be used more often for trimmings, hats, scarves, making veils, widow's bedspreads, and scarves.

CASTOR - the finest cloth with an admixture of beaver or goat down, with pile on the reverse side of the fabric. Used for the production of hats, gloves, stockings and jackets.

CASHMERE is a light woolen, wool-blend or cotton fabric with slanted ribs. The name comes from the Indian state of Kashmir, from where fabrics of this type were imported to Europe. Came into fashion at the end of the 19th century.

CAMBRICK - thin cotton fabric. Named after the place of production: in the town of Cambrai in Flanders (now the territory of France).

KISSE is a very thin translucent white, colored or patterned cotton fabric. The name comes from the Turkish k?si - cut material. It was used for sewing ball gowns with a sheath (mainly in the first half of the 19th century).

CREPE - wool or silk fabric made from a twisted warp and an untwisted weft - which created irregularities on the front surface. The name comes from the French cr?pe - veil.

Varieties:

- English crepe - silk, black with a small fold, used for mourning bands and veils;

- Chinese crepe - silk, printed;

- crepe georgette - silk, very thin and transparent, plain or with a printed pattern;

- crepe-morroquin - silk, dense and soft, plain or patterned, reminiscent of embossed leather produced in Morocco;

- crepe-Rachel (name in honor of the French actress Rachel) - golden color;

- crepe-satin - silk, monochromatic, characterized by a combination of a rough surface on one side and a smooth shiny surface on the other;

- crepon - wool crepe.

LUSTRINE is a shiny woolen fabric made from coarse wool. The name comes from the French lustrine (from lustre - gloss, shine).

MERINO is a wool fabric made from the wool of fine-fleeced Merino sheep. Used for warm outerwear, replacing expensive cashmere.

CALTON is a harsh thin grayish cotton fabric made from thick threads of unbleached yarn. As a result of dyeing and finishing operations, chintz and linen fabrics were obtained from it - madapolam, muslin, after impregnation with glue or starch - calico, after dyeing red or blue - calico. Raw calico was used to make peasant shirts.

The varieties of MUSLIN were:

- marshmallow - cotton fabric made from bleached twisted yarn with a textile pattern in the form of small cells;

- nansuk - thin white cotton fabric for cheap linen, small parts of women's toilet;

- tartlan - thin cotton fabric with a matte sheen, dyed or printed for sewing dresses.

MUAR is silk fabric that has been processed with special roller presses - calenders, after which wavy streaks remain on the surface of the fabric. Used to make elegant clothes.

ORGANDI is a very thin transparent matte silk or cotton fabric. It was used for finishing dresses, making collars and frills.

BROCADE is an expensive and elegant silk fabric with woven threads of gold or silver. Known in Russia since the Middle Ages. The name comes from the Persian word parche - matter.

The most expensive type of brocade was AKSAMIT - fabric with a pile formed by loops of gold or silver threads, covered with a plant or “animal” pattern, was brought to Rus' from Byzantium, and was used for the needs of the royal court and the highest clergy.

PERCALE is a thin cotton technical fabric made from untwisted yarn, used for summer dresses and blouses.

PLIS - cotton fabric with pile, a cheap replacement for velvet. Used for inexpensive outerwear and shoes.

POPLIN is a cotton or silk fabric with transverse ribs. Used for sewing blouses and elegant dresses.

RAFIA is a fabric made from palm fiber, used to make corsets.

REPS is a cotton or silk fabric made from thick weft threads and thin warp threads, as a result of which the front side and back are covered with scars.

TWILL - cotton fabric with inclined ribs on the front surface. The name comes from the Latin sericus - silk.

SATIN is a cotton fabric with a smooth shiny front surface. Used for sewing light dresses, blouses, and underwear.

CLOTH - thick woolen or cotton fabric, often with pile. Used for sewing outerwear.

TAFFETA is a glossy, dense, rigid fabric, one-color or two-color (made from warp and weft threads of different colors), fabric made from very tightly twisted threads.

TWID is a thick woolen fabric for outerwear.

TIBE is a type of woolen fabric.

TIC is a thick linen or cotton fabric with a pattern of longitudinal stripes.

FAY is a rep weave silk fabric made from relatively thin warp threads and a thicker weft.

FLANNEL - soft cotton or wool fabric with double-sided brushing.

POCKET - cotton, wool or silk fabric with a checkered pattern.

TROUVILLE is a dense cotton fabric with a ribbed pattern, produced mainly plain-dyed. It was used to sew petticoats that hold their shape well or children's summer coats of extraordinary beauty, decorated with embroidery. They are found on sale due to their durability.

I suspect that these are not all varieties. Therefore, I invite everyone to participate.

Please write a photo of the fabric and the name. If you write the origin, even better!

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Recommendations for product care

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Depending on the composition of the plush fabric, care recommendations may vary, but general recommendations related to the presence of lint are as follows:

• Machine wash is not recommended;
• Hand washing is permitted only for synthetic fabrics. In this case, twisting movements, friction and strong mechanical impact are not allowed;
• drying is allowed only under natural conditions;
• It is better to iron in the steam mode, ideally use a steamer;
• if it is necessary to iron with an iron, remember that you can iron only from the wrong side, on a backing made of soft fleecy material;
• natural material cannot be washed, only dry dry cleaning;
• You can clean the product from dust with a dry brush or using a vacuum cleaner, setting it to minimum power.

Despite many analogues, corduroy is still, like two centuries ago, a fairly popular material, especially in furniture production.

Properties of velvet and rules of care

Initially, pleats were produced only in one color, for clothing and shoes. Later, luxurious tapestries began to be made from velvet, which can be called a real work of art. Today, patterned corduroy is most often used for finishing furniture.

There are practically no special rules for sewing products made from corduroy fabric (with the exception of corduroy, in which seams that repeat the stripes on the fabric itself should be avoided). The most important thing is to carefully and carefully trim the edges so that they don’t start to crumble later.

Plis is now produced in many weaving factories in Russia and throughout Europe. The quality of fabric from different regions differs little, so the manufacturing company does not matter much.

One of the most important advantages is wrinkle resistance. Yes, yes, the corduroy fabric practically does not wrinkle, there is no need to iron it. This nuance is especially important for clothes made of velvet, the care of which will not cause you much trouble. But do not forget that corduroy is quite sensitive to washing. As already mentioned, it does not lose lint, however, after contact with water, the lint “leans” towards the base. That is, the fabric looks “sleek”. This effect can only be eliminated by combing the fabric with a soft brush or steaming it.