Broadcloth: description and types of woolen material, we will talk about overcoat, homespun, hat cloth, as well as types of clothing: coat, cardigan, jacket. Cloth fabric has a rich history. It existed back in the times of ancient Greece and Rome and, thanks to its unique properties, has always been equally in demand. The definition of what cloth cloth is, description with photos, types and characteristics are presented in our article.
What is cloth?
The main raw material for the production of cloth fabrics is wool, and, a little less often, mixed fibers. High-grade raw materials are obtained from merino yarn. The production technology owes its uniqueness to the dense weave of the threads.
Cloth of different shades
Cloth fleece goes through several stages of processing. It is sorted, washed and sorted. Then comes the combing process - the fleece is passed through scattering mechanisms. Then it’s time for felting using a spinning machine. Washing and dyeing separates the fabric from the finished product. The processed fiber is cut, cleaned and pressed.
Merino wool
Material properties and care rules: merino wool fabric
more details
Care
Woolen items shrink, and therefore the material is decanted before starting work. Finished products do not shrink, although high temperatures are dangerous for wool, whether it is a 100% natural product or a wool blend item.
How to wash cloth fabrics, and is it even possible to do it? Any washing - machine or hand - is prohibited. If you put an item in the drum of a washing machine, deformation is inevitable. The top layer will roll off and the product will lose its presentation. The only acceptable method of cleaning is dry cleaning. Ironing wrinkled items is allowed, but only at moderate temperatures and through fabric. Steaming with an iron is not advisable, but the item can be hung over a bowl of hot water to return to shape. When pellets appear, they are cut off with a machine.
Cloth fabrics sometimes lose color and require touching up. How to paint a product without damaging it? Before the procedure, the product is cleaned. Acid dyes are suitable for woolen fabrics, and after dyeing the color is fixed with a vinegar solution. More detailed information about the dyeing procedure can be found in the instructions for the dye.
Dear readers of the Tkan.Club website, if you still have questions on this topic, we will be happy to answer them. Leave your reviews, comments, share stories if you have dealt with this material! Your life experience may be useful to other readers.
Origin story
Scientists and archaeologists have recorded that the first devices for making cloth began to appear even before our era in nomadic ancient tribes. Full-fledged hand-made production of cloth goods became popular during the heyday of the Roman Empire. The Middle Ages, which marked the growth of manufacturing, launched mechanical production in France and England.
In Ancient Rus', the material looked rough due to the density of the material, which was woven for sale at fairs to boyars and foreign merchants. There were more problems with thin types - they were imported from abroad.
Cloth production on a large scale was implemented through the efforts of Peter I, who himself did not hesitate to wear cloth caftans. At the beginning of the 18th century, the entire army was packed in warm and comfortable cloth caftans.
How to choose material for a product?
We have already decided that the group of coat fabrics is very broad and includes materials with diametrically opposite tactile and density properties. So what should you use to make your intended coat? And if you choose not a coat, but an elongated warm vest, jacket, cape or trench coat?
Here are general recommendations for choosing materials, taking into account seasonality
Models for cool summer or the first days of autumn require fairly light but dense base materials, mainly with a textured surface. Velvet, jacquard and corduroy are excellent, as well as thin woolen materials (gabardine, boucle, cashmere). Autumn - capricious, fickle, rainy - is the time for mixed materials. They have impressive performance characteristics, which is important when choosing in favor of practicality. As the temperature outside the window drops, you should choose warmer models, which, accordingly, require denser, heat-saving, cozy materials. Pile coat fabrics, so soft and fluffy, are located on the border between interseasonal and winter materials. The fibers covering their surface form a heated air layer, which increases the heat-protective properties of the fabric.
There are a few more important nuances
• Cutting and sewing loose materials (for example, boucle) is much easier than dense ones, because flaws in cutting and subsequent work on them are almost invisible. • If you choose pile fabric, keep in mind that it is cut in one direction, which increases waste. • Pure wool fabric will definitely shrink during WTO.
Fabric composition and its properties
Despite the long existence, the composition of the fabric has not changed much. A mandatory component used in production is wool or mixed raw materials.
The composition of artificial fabrics includes mixed yarn and cotton thread. The percentage of raw materials in these fabrics is 50-70%.
Catalog of other artificial fabrics
Material properties:
- heat conservation and protection from cold;
- strength;
- density;
- practicality;
- durability;
- breathability and hygiene;
- cloth products, except very dense and synthetic ones, can be ironed.
Advantages
Tailors especially value such material as cloth. It’s a pleasure to work with the cut – it doesn’t crumble, doesn’t slip, and keeps its shape. Working with fabric is a pleasure. The consumer quality of the paintings is excellent. The list of advantages includes:
- hygiene and environmental friendliness;
- good air exchange with pronounced windproof properties;
- strength, wear resistance, durability;
- thermoregulatory qualities.
The material is processed to improve its performance characteristics. Thus, military clothing has increased water-repellent properties, which is due to the presence of additional impregnations.
Types of cloth
By density:
- Thin - pile flooring falls off very quickly;
- Semi-rough - medium thickness, will last longer in wear;
- Rough - the production of the material requires energy costs, which are compensated by the quality of the finished product.
By purpose:
- Army. The fabric contains only natural wool raw materials. It acquired its name due to the use of fabric in sewing military uniforms. Characterized by increased density, retention of heat generated by the human body.
- Everyday. Various technologies are used in the production of cloth. It is characterized by a wide range of colors and softness of the pile. Using this type of cloth, clothes are created:
Density of fabrics for outerwear (men's, women's, children's)
For each assortment group, an upper limit is set that limits the maximum density of coat fabric. This is due to the nuances of operation and the physiological characteristics of the recipients of each of the product groups. Simply put, coats for children are not made from materials created for men's clothing, because they are too shape-resistant, quite heavy and not very comfortable for children's wardrobe items. A woman's coat requires medium-weight fabric. Which one is right for you? Here is a list of limiting values: • Fabrics for children's coats - no denser than 350 g/m². • Fabrics for women's coats - no denser than 450 g/m². • Fabrics for men's coats - no denser than 600 g/m².
What purposes can this fabric be used for?
Application area:
Industry – in paper production, artificial felt removes moisture from the press. Filtered cloth is used to purify the air.
Fashion is the finest cloth, suitable for lining or cape. Hats, bags, scarves are made from cloth.
Clothing: pullovers, suits, jackets, coats, ponchos.
Footwear: felt boots, boots, house slippers.
Sleeping accessories.
Covering for billiard tables.
Flaws
The fabric has its disadvantages, and they largely determine the purpose of the fabric. The significant weight does not allow the use of cloth cuts when sewing light clothing, although thin types are suitable for skirts and jackets. Caring for things made from heavy fabric is not easy, although the fabric is not prone to stains and therefore does not require frequent washing.
With prolonged use, the surface becomes covered with pellets. They need to be removed promptly using a machine. Particularly susceptible to rolling are areas with high thorns - cuffs, pocket entrances.
The disadvantage of cloth products is their tendency to wrinkle, and getting the fabric in order is problematic - ironing is unsafe for wool. It is also worth mentioning the high price of pure wool fabrics. Some types are very expensive, especially high-end cuts for covering billiard tables.
How much does the fabric sell for?
The cost of cloth depends on its type and how the material is used. Prices for everyday cloth range from 1 thousand to 6-7 thousand rubles per 1.5 m. It all depends on the naturalness of the fabric and its density.
The price of industrial cloth is much less - within 1 thousand rubles. for 1.5 m. Billiard cloth is sold for 3-4 thousand rubles for 1.5 m.
Cloth products are popular in Russia, they are in great demand. This demand is not accidental; the product obtained from this raw material has no analogues. In severe frosts typical of the Russian climate, cloth clothing is the best option.
Application area
Cloth fabrics are used everywhere. Each type of fabric has its own purpose. Rough and heavy cloth is used to make protective clothing and soldier uniforms. Cloth footcloths are used in the military sphere and as protective clothing. Typically, footcloth has a weight of 460 g/m2, while coat cloth has a high density - 520 - 580 g/m2 for fine cloth varieties, and up to 760 g/m2 for coarse cloth type coat fabrics.
It should be understood that a coat made of military cloth and a civilian product will differ both in characteristics and design. For military coats, coats are made from overcoat cloth using approved technology; for civilians, coats are made from thin drape fabrics with a variety of designs.
The range of cloth clothing is varied. Thin-woven cuts are used for sewing jackets, skirts, cardigans, and vests. Windproof fabric makes warming demi-season and winter clothing. For women, not only coats and jackets of modern design are sewn from cloth, but also accessories - bags, scarves, shawls.
Suits for welders and metallurgists are popular as work clothes. For running hunting, a suit made of cloth of the greatcoat variety is suitable.
What else can be made from wool fabric:
- shoes - comparable to felt ones. The range of products includes cloth boots and boots for special purposes: military, work, hunting, etc.;
- blankets - soft woolen products are used in barracks, medical institutions, etc. Currently, cloth blankets are giving way to synthetic ones, but they are popular among those who value environmental friendliness and safety;
- table covering – covering gaming tables with cloth is mandatory, and the cloth for the table is selected individually. Thus, poker cloth comes with special markings, while billiard cloth has a plain color coating. The price of the canvas depends on the composition and quality of the material.
