Openwork is beautiful. Meaning of the word, examples of use

The peak of popularity of the French language in Russia occurred in the 18th-19th centuries; it was at this time that many French words appeared in colloquial Russian speech. They could not help but seep in with such an abundance of French tutors, dance teachers and good manners. And the inquisitive Russian mind harmoniously wove new words into the everyday vocabulary, creating new expressive images. For example, openwork is a French word. It arrived to us along with fashionable dresses, the finest stockings and lace accessories.

In Efremova's dictionary

Accent: openwork

1. m. A pattern with many small through sections, separated by thin bridges and creating a complex composition (used in products made of metal, wood, stone, as well as in knitting, weaving, etc.).
2. Something that resembles a pattern with many through sections.

Properties of openwork and care for it

The characteristics of through-cut fabrics are determined both by the composition of the raw materials from which they are made and by the nature of the ornament. Depending on this, their strength can be either low (thin cotton or viscose mesh) or very high (dense synthetic patterns). Moreover, any openwork fabric or product is different:

• ease;
• transparency;
• a certain rigidity.

In many cases, see-through fabric is placed on a cover or lining to create a product that is durable and practical, but also beautiful. It is also common to combine openwork inserts with other materials, both thin and contrasting in thickness and fiber composition. These things are also quite durable, although they can create certain difficulties when caring for them. As for products made entirely of openwork, synthetic see-through textiles are quite wear-resistant and easy to care for. But unique handmade items made from natural fibers deserve careful handling.

In the dictionary Dictionary of foreign words

I

a, pl. No m.

The state of accounting when all accounting entries are made on the day of financial transactions. Openwork (colloquial) - in perfect order. II

a, pl. No m.

1. Thin lace fabric; knitting, weaving, embroidery in the form of a through pattern.||Cf. GAZ II, GUIPURE" title='GUIPURE, GUIPURE is, what is GUIPURE, GUIPURE interpretation'>GUIPURE, KISSEYA" title='KISSEYA, KISSEYA is, what is KISSEYA, KISSEYA interpretation'>KISSEYA; FILLET" title='FILETE, FILLET is what is FILLET, FILLET interpretation'>FILET II.

2. A skillful weaving or pattern of thin metal threads (in artistic casting or jewelry work). Openwork - 1) related to openwork (openwork curtain); 2) transfer thin, skillful (openwork work).

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History of openwork

The technique of figured transparent weaving of threads has been known since ancient times. This type of needlework requires high qualifications and a lot of time, so openwork has always been highly valued. It was made from cotton or linen, less often from wool, most often immediately in the form of a finished product of one size or another. Especially popular were openwork collars, gloves, and stockings, which have remained in women's fashion to this day. This fabric was used for curtains, bedspreads, and other home furnishings, decorative inserts for clothing were made from it, and used for sewing underwear and bed linen .

Currently, openwork is often made on the basis of synthetic threads, including elastic ones, as well as viscose.

Modern equipment makes it possible to produce a wide variety of ornaments, including multi-colored, voluminous, using shiny threads and other finishes. This fabric almost never goes out of fashion, and is widely used both in tailoring (from time to time appearing in men's wardrobes, especially in summer) and for home textiles.

Fashion classics are see-through blouses, which are used for both elegant and business looks (in combination with a jacket), openwork ballroom and wedding dresses. Although ancient rules stated that there should not be too much lace in clothes, modern fashion trends very often violate this prohibition. Lace dresses in rich colors, “transparent” fashion, the combination of densely textured materials and translucent fragments in one outfit, as well as the creation of end-to-end leather patterns have become a widespread brand in recent years. Openwork underwear, stockings and tights, scarves, stoles and other accessories are in traditional demand.

Through weaving is also widely used in knitwear. The range of industrial knitted fabrics with a hole is very diverse both in structure and composition, and is constantly updated. Handmade openwork knitting and crochet is very common and is a type of needlework loved by many women. Not so long ago, the name “openwork” began to be applied to materials that do not belong to this category, namely to furniture velor with an ornament imitating lace.

Jewelry

A high level of jeweler's skill - elegant lace made of silver, gold or platinum wire. This pattern looks airy and elegant in different decorations. There are many different techniques for working with precious metals that allow you to create elegant openwork. This makes it possible to play with the texture of metal and stones in different ways.

Volumetric earrings made using openwork technique look good. The weight of such products does not weigh down the lobe precisely thanks to the thoughtful end-to-end texture. Sometimes openwork is used as an option for securing natural pearls, so as not to make a hole in the precious pearl - it is placed in a large-mesh gold “cage”.

Application area

Openwork for sewing clothes is most often used in combination with other denser materials. It is a shading part, an accent. Most often, such beautiful “mesh” fabric is used for finishing wedding and evening dresses. Being a variety and cheaper version of lace, it replaces it, and quite successfully. You can find decorating the surface of outerwear with such a “patterned” fabric (for example, coats or even down jackets).

It is also quite successfully used for sewing curtains and decorating them, and finishing sofa cushions.

Materials are different and each has its own purpose. But there is an option that can make a festive outfit out of the simplest, even inexpensive clothes. His name is “openwork”. This light perforated material represents lightness and solemnity.

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How to care for your veil

If the product is made of silk or wool veil, it requires careful and delicate care. In order not to spoil the material, contact a dry cleaner.

If you have a cotton or polyester veil, home washing, both hand and machine, is allowed. The fabric is absolutely unpretentious; just soak the product for several hours in cool water with a softening detergent. Then rinse the fabric well and let the water drain, you can shake it slightly to speed up drying.

The fabric does not tolerate spinning or twisting - the structure of the fabric can be damaged.

The material does not need ironing and dries quickly.

If the product needs long-term storage, it is better to roll it up to avoid thread creases.

Production Features

The openwork can be made from almost any fiber. These are cotton, viscose, silk, polyester and even fine wool. The final characteristics of the product depend on the selected raw materials. These include not only appearance, but strength and wear resistance.

Weaving is achieved by transferring loops from one column to another. The result is holes that form a pattern. They can be of various shapes and sizes. The pattern is obtained by machine or hand knitting. For industrial scale, the first method is used.

Openwork weave can be formed on the basis of several types. It depends precisely on the characteristics of the “base”. It can be satin, cross-knit or leotard.

For beauty to last

In order for transparent patterns to retain their beauty for a long time, they must be cared for responsibly. The biggest problems can be caused by washing and drying large openwork curtains. It is advisable to entrust this work to specialists, especially when it comes to luxury curtains.

Home washing of openwork products is carried out in warm water manually or in a gentle mode, using only mild detergents. A very delicate and expensive openwork is washed in a special case, and it is recommended to first baste an elegant napkin to a piece of white fabric, with which it can be easily ironed.

If the fabric needs to be bleached, it is best to do this with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (after testing it on an inconspicuous area).

A very important condition is the absence of mechanical impact on the wet fabric, so you need to wring it out manually, if possible in a terry towel, and dry it straightened out . The openwork should be ironed from the inside out through damp gauze, choosing the temperature in accordance with its composition.

Unique lace weaving techniques

Lace fabric can be made in various ways; unique weaving techniques include the following:

• Tambour is a method of hand knitting using a crochet hook. This method allows you to create the smallest elements using one thread.
• Macrame, also called knot weaving.
• Hardanger involves embroidering a pattern in satin stitch and then cutting out the fabric inside the pattern.
• Richelieu, where the basis is a thin fabric (organza, mesh, cambric). The pattern is embroidered with stitches of different lengths.
• Needle lace, where a design according to a pattern on paper is transferred to the fabric with a thin needle.
• Loin, where weaving is done on a mesh base, filling square or diamond-shaped cells.

Weaving lace with bobbins In addition to unique weaving and execution techniques, lace can also be divided into the following:

• French;
• Italian.

French lace

Despite the fact that most of the names of lace fabric are of French origin, France is not the birthplace of the patterned material. But thanks to attempts to repeat the technique of Italian lace, French craftswomen created more diverse weaving methods. And today, many fashion designers choose French lace to create their outfits.

The very first French lace is Alencon lace. Its basis was tulle with hexagonal cells; the pattern along the contour was embroidered with white horsehair and had the appearance of floral ornaments and bouquets.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage and distinctive feature of this type of textile is its sophisticated and delicate appearance. The airy openwork looks noble and aristocratic, successfully combining with many modern elements of a woman's wardrobe.

Pros:

• aesthetic appearance;
• ease;
• excellent breathability;
• a variety of patterned ornaments;
• resistance to deformation;
• practicality and versatility.

Minuses:

• difficulties in working with the material;
• strong translucency;
• the need for careful care and handling.

Linens made from natural cotton are usually hypoallergenic and suitable for wearing in the summer. Synthetic fabrics, in turn, are more wear-resistant and durable; they can be used in the off-season, supplemented with insulated products.

Types and their properties

As such, there is no single openwork fabric, but there are various ways to obtain mesh patterns that determine the type and properties of the material. Let's consider the main types of such fabrics:

• rolled openwork with through weaving - this fabric is produced by weaving on a machine with a jacquard mechanism or by embroidering on tulle or nylon fabric. The characteristics of the material are determined by the composition of the threads used;
• knitted - created by hand and machine. The finished product is usually made by hand, and openwork ribbons or wide canvases are produced by machine. The products are distinguished by elasticity, exquisite patterns;
• woven - made from threads of various thicknesses, but the thinner the thread, the better the quality of the lace. It has similar characteristics to woven or embroidered openwork.

Knitting openwork for beginners

Buy the right yarn and start creating. Beginning needlewomen should start with more or less simple openwork. What is a scheme, you know.

This pattern is ideal for jumpers and blouses. A stole with such an ornament will also look great.

The repeat in the pattern is sixteen loops + thirteen + edge loops on each side, for a total of 31 loops. The figure shows only the front rows; we knit each row of the wrong side with purl loops.

According to the pattern, knit the front loops, then the cape loops, knitting two loops one by one, tilting to the left or right, 3 loops are knitted with one front one.

Rapport is repeated from row No. 1 to No. 36.

Fabrics, lace, knitting

Textile openwork products can be of varying degrees of transparency. For example, guipure is usually used for elegant dresses of a simple cut that are not overloaded with details. The decorative role here is played not by the elaborate configuration of the product, but by emphatically simple lines that do not distract attention from the beauty of the material itself. If the through holes are large enough, then the dress is made on lining fabric.

Even before the advent of French openwork fabrics, Russia had its own similar products of varying degrees of complexity. The usual hemstitching, when a transverse thread was pulled out of the fabric, and then a lobe thread was pulled in, forming holes, greatly decorated the hems of sundresses. Openwork knitted shawls have always been considered a special accessory, and lace is a more complex option. Thus, openwork is a special interweaving of threads that creates a translucent pattern.

How are transparent patterns created?

To obtain a beautiful translucent ornament, you need a thin, even thread of sufficient rigidity - linen, cotton, wool. Elite materials are made from silk. Currently, cheaper fibers are widely used: polyester and viscose, as well as the addition of lurex threads, which give the pattern a special beauty.

Traditional openwork, whose popularity flourished in the first half of the century before last, is not fabric, but finished products (stockings, gloves, collars, inserts for clothes and linen, napkins) made using various lace making techniques.

Currently, such material is produced mainly industrially (although traditional designer products are also produced, the cost of which is very high).

To create an openwork the following weave can be used:

• twill;
• knitted;
• cross-knitted.

This material is in many ways similar to lace, guipure, and tulle. It is characterized by a small or medium thickness of threads and a predominant transparent background with a clearly defined repeating pattern.

Modern openwork fabric is often made multi-colored, with a voluminous effect and a variety of decor. One of the fashion trends of recent years is through patterns, which are obtained by perforating thin leather (artificial or natural). On sale you can also find non-translucent openwork - this is what furniture fabric that imitates lace is sometimes called.

Origin and meaning of the word "openwork"

The French word ajour (or ajourer) literally means “to make through.” This concept became most widespread at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and this is easily explained.

What can be openwork in our life:

• fabrics, wardrobe items and accessories;
• jewelry;
• some elements of architectural structures.

In addition, this word is often mentioned in a figurative sense, as a phraseological unit, and the adjective “openwork” is used in literary speech to describe a special type of shadows, clouds, cobwebs, and so on. It turns out that openwork is anything that has some kind of end-to-end pattern with many holes.