cotton, woolen fabric, 5 letters, 1 letter “T”, crossword puzzle

Story

Like cotton, woolen fabric was known to man even before our era.
It appeared from the very time when the material for its production became available, that is, the first animals were domesticated that were able to provide their wool for the production of fabric. According to some sources, the first fibers were dated to 34,000 BC. In the Middle Ages, the business of producing and selling wool became widespread.

For example, almost the entire economy of England at that time depended on the supply of this material, which was strictly controlled by the government.

There was a time when English fine wool competed with silk in international markets. Woolen fabric became widespread in Rus'. It was used both for tailoring and in interior design. At the same time, coarse cloth was intended for the common people, and fine cloth was used in the clothing of richer people.

However, over the years, with the advent of fabrics made from synthetic fibers, its popularity began to decline. It was only after the advent of wool fabric that could withstand machine washing, dry quickly and require virtually no ironing that its popularity began to revive. At the moment, wool fabric with the addition of synthetic fibers is more popular.

Lightweight paper or wool fabric with plain weave.

Pour mature, sorted raspberries into a bottle, pour alcohol, purified three times so that it barely covers the berries, place in the sun; after 2 or 3 days, drain the alcohol, take 3 cups of water and 1 1/2 pounds of sugar for 1/4 bucket of alcohol; First boil the water with sugar twice, remove the scale completely and pour the alcohol into the hot syrup little by little, stirring with a spoon; After stirring well, strain through a flannel or through a funnel, into which you first put cotton wool, then sprinkle good crushed coals, but not slaked with water, and top the flannel.

Then strain through a flannel, on which you first put cotton wool, then charcoal, then another layer of flannel.

Yes, of course, Eva is ugly, but the girls feel that she is inseparable from their everyday life, just like boring lessons that need to be learned, like tight new shoes that need to be broken in, and rough flannel that they have to wear in the cold, and measles, and unfulfilled hopes and disappointments.

The shirt was soaking wet, like the rest of his clothes; the fog soaked her, but did not cool her, she was almost hot, and, somehow pulling it over her own sweater, the woman almost moaned with the desire to cling to that hotness that warmed the flannel soaked in the fog.

Once every three or four years a ship would appear, give them outdated information about bloody battles, devastating epidemics, overthrown thrones and dead dynasties, then give them soap and flannel in exchange for sweet potatoes and breadfruit and sail away, leaving them indulge in peaceful dreams and pious dissipation.

What the islanders need is best seen from the list of articles we gave them in exchange for provisions, namely: flannel, twill, calico, shoes, combs, tobacco and soap.

Wrapped in flannel and stuffed into a basket, resting in a sweet sleep, I did not notice the state of the weather and the time of day according to the church clock; besides, I never considered time to be an important thing in stories, and it’s too late to remember it in the proper order when everything is long forgotten; which is why I am forced to tell my story with many omissions, hoping for the forbearance of the readers.

And he lives in his Khrushchev apartment with his mother, goes to work in a trolleybus, dresses like a newborn - in only flannel!

Rubbing his frozen ears, Gabriel thought about how nice it would be to sit warm, as if wrapped in a soft flannel.

Alvin could serve as an illustration of an evolutionary dead end: a fifty-year-old piece of fat, wrapped in flannel and doomed to lifelong bachelorhood. - They don't bother anyone.

Composition and properties

Since this term refers to a whole group of textile materials, the composition of each of them has significant differences. Wool fabric is divided into two main types: wool and wool blend. The first one is made 100% from wool yarn. To increase elasticity, up to 10% of other fibers are sometimes allowed to be introduced. The second may include other natural threads (for example, cotton, silk) and synthetic ones, and their content reaches up to 80%. The properties of various fabrics depend on their composition. However, there are some characteristics that are common to all canvases to one degree or another.

Wool fabric has unique properties, making it a leader among fabrics for sewing warm clothes:

• woolen fabric practically does not wrinkle;
• almost does not get dirty;
• absorbs water well;
• very strong and durable;
• retains heat well;
• does not cause allergies.

Varieties

The most popular types are:

1. Bouclé is a dense material whose surface resembles knots. Bouclé suits used to be very popular;
2. the bike is thin, with one-sided fleece. Widely used for sewing blankets and demi-season coats;
3. velor - fabric with pile. It is most often used as furniture upholstery; sometimes jackets and outerwear are made from it;
4. gabardine is a dense fabric, however, it is quite light and has good water-repellent properties. Raincoats and summer coats are often made from it;
5. reps - dense woolen material;
6. Jersey – knitted material for tailoring;
7. cloth - dense, heavy fabric, from which outerwear is often sewn;
8. felt - obtained by felting wool (felting). Shoes, clothes, and toys are made from felt. Recently, this type of needlework has been very popular;
9. flannel – thin, double-sided brushed. It is loose and does not hold its shape well, however, it is widely used for sewing warm bed linen and children's clothing;
10. tweed is a soft melange fabric used for sewing outerwear;
11. tartan is a well-known checkered woolen fabric. Popular for sewing men's shirts, women's suits and dresses;
12. drape - heavy, dense material used for sewing coats;
13. Cashmere is one of the most expensive textile materials. This is a dense material, from which outerwear, scarves, stoles, and jackets are often sewn.

“Almost primitive” fabric - wool

If you believe Darwinian scientists, for hundreds of thousands of years the only “clothing” of ancient man was thick hair, or, more simply, wool . Human hair is our first clothing, the same wool, this substance of protein nature, the closest and dearest to us.

Wool is a group of natural textile fabrics, for the production of which the hair of various animals is used. Wool fabric has been and remains one of the most expensive materials with exceptional properties.

Short story

Since man was able to domesticate goats and sheep, raw materials for the production of wool have become readily available - wool and felt have been used by the most ancient civilizations. Some archaeological excavations indicate that wool was known as early as 1500 BC. Wool fibers from wild goats have been found in prehistoric caves in the Republic of Georgia and date back as far as 34,000. BC.!

During the times of Ancient Rome, wool, along with leather and linen, was popular in Europe. The records of Pliny the Elder noted that the inhabitants of Tarentum were considered to have the best reputation for wool producers, where, thanks to special care, they bred sheep with excellent wool.

In the Middle Ages, the wool trade became a serious business and the main generator of capital formation. From the 13th century, the economy of the Benelux countries and Central Italy depended on this; by the end of the next century, Italy began to predominate, until in the 16th century it reoriented itself to silk. The development of industry was based on the English raw material export of wool. The main competitor was Castile. And Britain introduced export duties on wool in 1275.

Since the 14th century, the presiding officer of the House of Lords has sat on a “woolsack” - a chair “stuffed” with wool. It was a kind of symbol of the importance of wool for the development of the English economy.

Over the centuries, various British laws controlled the wool trade or required the use of wool even in burials. Smugglers were once punished by having their hands cut off. After the Restoration era, fine English wool began to compete with silk on the international market.

As technological progress developed and synthetic fabrics appeared on world markets, the demand for woolen fabrics began to fall.

The collapse of wool prices began in late 1966 with a 40% drop. The result was a sharp reduction in production and the redirection of funds to the development of the production of other goods.

In the early 70s, technology for the production of so-called washable wool appeared - the fiber was specially processed in such a way that the products could already be machine washed.

In December 2006, the United Nations General Assembly declared 2009 the International Year of Natural Fibers , significantly raising the profile of wool fabrics and other natural fibers.

In 2007, Japanese specialists developed a wool suit that is easy to wash, dries within a few hours and does not require ironing. Australian merino wool was used in this development.

Properties and composition of wool

Wool fabric is divided into two main types: wool and wool blend . The first one is made 100% from wool yarn. To increase elasticity, up to 10% of other fibers are sometimes allowed to be introduced. The second may include other natural threads (for example, cotton, silk) and synthetic ones, and their content reaches up to 80%. The properties of various fabrics depend on their composition. However, there are some characteristics that are common to all canvases to one degree or another.

Wool has unique properties, which makes it a leader among fabrics for sewing warm clothes:

• wool fabric practically does not wrinkle
• hardly gets dirty
• absorbs water well
• very strong and durable
• retains heat perfectly
• does not cause allergies

Of the minuses:

• Low abrasion resistance. Places exposed to the greatest friction in woolen products are wiped very quickly.
• High price.

The most popular types of wool fabrics are:

• Bouclé is a dense material whose surface resembles knots. Bouclé suits used to be very popular.
• The baize is thin, with one-sided brushing. Widely used for sewing blankets and demi-season coats.
• Velor is a fabric with pile. It is most often used as furniture upholstery; sometimes jackets and outerwear are made from it.
• Gabardine is a dense fabric, however, it is quite light and has good water-repellent properties. Raincoats and summer coats are often made from it.
• Rep is a dense woolen material.
• Jersey is a knitted material for sewing clothes.
• Broadcloth is a dense, heavy fabric, from which outerwear is often sewn.
• Felt is obtained by felting wool (felting). Shoes, clothes, and toys are made from felt. Recently, this type of needlework has become very popular.
• Flannel is thin, double-sided brushed. It is loose and does not hold its shape well, however, it is widely used for sewing warm bed linen and children's clothing and dresses.
• Tweed is a soft melange fabric used for sewing outerwear.
• Tartan is a well-known checkered wool fabric. Popular for sewing men's shirts, women's suits and dresses.
• Drape is a heavy, dense fabric used for sewing coats.
• Cashmere is one of the most expensive textile materials. This is a dense material, from which outerwear, scarves, stoles, and jackets are often sewn.

The most common types of wool used for fabric production are:

• Mohair is obtained from the hair of goats living in Turkey, South Africa, and the USA. Products made from mohair are the most delicate and require special care.
• Alpaca, llama, suri - all these types are made from llama wool, but from different types.
• Merino - made from sheep hair.
• camel
• Angora - obtained from the wool of the Angora rabbit.

There are the following types of wool:

• Natural - cut directly from animals or collected during molting.
• Factory - removed from animal skins.
• Recovered - obtained by splitting woolen flaps and scraps of yarn.

Depending on the type of yarn and production methods, the fabric can be:

• Worsted - it consists of fine yarn, semi-fine and semi-coarse. The result is a thin fabric used for sewing suits and dresses.
• Thin cloth. This fabric uses fine hardware yarn.
• Coarse cloth - it contains dense hardware yarn.

Read how to care for wool products here.

Interesting facts about wool:

• Sheep wool is stronger than steel wire of the same diameter.
• Fire-resistant materials for insulating houses are made from wool (glass wool is an analogue of such insulation) - wool does not burn, but smolders, preventing the fire from spreading.
• The fur has a heterogeneous structure. Thanks to this quality, wool products do not harbor microbes and do not retain dust and dirt. Simply put, there is no need to wash wool items often.
• There are disposable woolen clothing. A whim of the rich, you say? No, this is dictated by necessity: such clothes are worn by workers in the aluminum industry, because splashes of molten metal do not stick to them. But you won’t be able to use woolen clothes a second time: after washing, they will lose their magical properties, and besides, they will shrink.
• Until the 18th century, exporting merino sheep outside the borders of Spain, which for many centuries had a monopoly on the production of wool from these sheep, was punishable by death. It was only in 1723 that a small number of merino sheep were legally exported outside the country. The first 70 heads arrived in Australia in 1788.
• In Mongolia, sheep skins are still used to care for premature babies. It has been noticed that when a baby is laid on sheep's wool, he becomes quiet and calms down. In children, prickly heat disappears, the skin becomes less dry, and no allergic reactions occur. Tests show that products made from lamb skin are comfortable and safe for children; children quickly get used to it and their sleep becomes restful and long. Soft sheep fur constantly provides a light massage that is effective.
• Princely children were placed on sheep's clothing immediately after their first haircut.
• Woolen fabric tweed was invented in Scotland, and it was originally called “twill”. The letter at the end of the name changed by accident: one London merchant, having received a letter with an offer to buy a batch of fabric, misunderstood the word. He adopted it as a brand name, taking its name from the Scottish River Tweed, which flows through a region with numerous textile factories. Since then, the name tweed .

Production

The most common types of wool used for fabric production are:

• Mohair is obtained from the hair of goats living in Turkey, South Africa, and the USA. Products made from mohair are the most delicate and require special care.
• Alpaca, llama, suri - all these types are made from llama wool, but from different types.
• Merino - made from sheep hair.
• Camel.
• Angora - obtained from the wool of the Angora rabbit.

In this case, the following types are distinguished:

• Natural - cut directly from animals or collected during molting.
• Factory - removed from animal skins.
• Recovered - obtained by splitting woolen flaps and scraps of yarn.

Depending on the type of yarn and production methods, the material can be:

1. Worsted - it consists of fine yarn, semi-fine and semi-coarse. The result is a thin fabric used for sewing suits and dresses.
2. To obtain fine-woven fabrics, thin hardware yarn is used.
3. Coarse cloth - it contains dense hardware yarn.

Application and care

Modern woolen fabrics, of course, can be washed in a machine, however, products made from such fabric prefer delicate hand washing. In any case, the washing temperature should not exceed 30 degrees, and the detergent should be marked “for wool” .

Squeezing is also not recommended. Dry them by spreading them on a horizontal surface. You can iron with a damp cloth or by setting the iron to the appropriate setting. Sometimes it’s enough just to hang clothes on a hanger and the folds will straighten out on their own. Often, during wear on woolen items, a shine appears in places that are subject to the greatest friction. It is unlikely that you will be able to get rid of it completely, but a temporary effect can be achieved by steaming the area and cleaning it with a stiff brush.

How to properly iron woolen fabric, watch the video: The material in question has found a wide variety of applications. Most often it is used in tailoring. Dense wool fabric is used not only for the production of outerwear, but also in the manufacture of hats and various accessories. The thinner one is like a costume one; skirts, jackets, and dresses are made from it. Sometimes home textiles (bedspreads, rugs) are made from it. Recently, with the advent of fashion for textile bags, woolen fabric has also been used to make this accessory. Some types are used for upholstery of furniture and toys.

Other meanings of this word:

• Gymnast's "tights"
• “Sweatpants” from the times of the USSR
• Ballet tights
• ballet pants
• Ballet pants.
• Wrestling clothes
• Trousers
• These clothes are very comfortable to perform physical exercises
• machine-knitted wool, cotton or silk fabric, as well as clothing made from such fabric that fits tightly to the body
• Gymnastic costume
• Dolchiki
• Soviet husband's homemade "pajamas"
• Leotard
• Wrestler costume
• Wrestler and weightlifter costume
• Gymnast costume
• gymnast costume
• Costume for acrobat and gymnast
• aerobics suit
• Mime costume
• costume for mime and gymnast
• Costume for circus acrobat
• Mime costume
• dancer costume
• gym costume
• Circus costume
• Circus gymnast costume
• a suit that does not restrict the gymnast’s movements
• Lightweight sweatpants
• Lightweight sweatpants.
• Melange fabric
• Acrobat outfit
• Freestyle wrestler outfit
• Gymnast outfit
• Acrobat outfit
• Gymnast's outfit
• Gymnast's outfit
• Fits the gymnast
• Tight-fitting clothing for tightrope walkers
• Body-fitting clothing
• Tight suit
• Body-tight clothing
• Acrobat clothes
• Athlete's clothing
• Tight clothes
• Freestyle wrestler clothing
• Knitted clothing that fits tightly to the body
• Mime clothes
• Athlete's clothing
• Athlete's attire
• Athlete's attire.
• gymnast ceremonial costume
• Tight-fitting clothing
• Tight-fitting suit
• family pants with extended knees
• Sportswear
• tight sportswear
• Sports trousers
• husband's sweatpants with blisters on the knees
• Sports suit
• fabric for long johns
• Fabric underpants
• Fabric of underpants and pantaloons
• Knickers fabric
• Patterned fabric
• Patterned weave fabric for outerwear
• Slim sweatpants
• Slim suit
• thin suit that fits tightly to the body
• Slim-fitting suit
• Body-fitting knitted suit
• Panties for wearing under a skirt
• Acrobat uniform
• cotton, wool fabric
• Sofa couch potato pants
• couch potato pants
• Robin Hood Pants
• gym pants