Where and when was paper fabric used and what properties did it have?

What is paper fabric and where was it made?

This material comes from a plant called Gossypium. Special threads and yarn are made from it.
Seed fluff, cotton, cotton paper and cotton are also made from the same plant. The plant for its production is called a paper spinning mill. There are no specific references to mass production today, but it is certain that large quantities of linen were made in paper mills in Germany around the start of the First World War.

Where and why did this material appear?

Mention of it first appeared in books of the first half of the 17th century. By that time, the material itself was no longer rare; for many years it had been used to make many textile products for which this fabric was suitable.

But the fact that the industry switched to the production of paper thread, which was thinner and of higher quality than the twisted twine produced before, was a big step in development.

Basic properties and what is included in the fabric

To be honest, fabrics made from such material were poorly suited for sewing clothes. At one time they even tried to strengthen it using chemical treatment, but this did not bring much effect.

Now about the properties:

Paper fabric has medium strength

Keeps its shape very poorly and requires constant care

Medium drape, very smooth and slippery, practically no fraying

It is highly wear-resistant, but has poor stretch, elasticity is below average

Collects a lot of dust, is poorly ventilated, does not hold water

Holds heat and temperature moderately, highly capillary, vapor permeable

The composition of such fabric is not complex, it is simply isolated from the plant, from which threads are subsequently spun, which are then collected and cut into finished fabrics.

Fabric selection

The flazeline gasket is selected exclusively for the specific material from which the products are planned to be sewn. Usually, experienced craftsmen know how to use non-woven fabric, so they stock up on several varieties of such material in advance. To determine the most profitable option for yourself, you should put completely different types of non-woven strips on a small piece of the main fabric, then carefully iron them and analyze the result. The most suitable is considered to be the non-woven material that is completely impossible to notice from the front side of the product and is held most firmly on the base.

Before buying cushioning material, you need to think about what fabric it is suitable for and for what purpose it will be used Source tkanix.guru

For inexperienced craftswomen, modern fashion magazines with different patterns and patterns for embroidery must include information about interlinings.

Important! The density of the selected non-woven backing must necessarily correspond to the type of main fabric. Otherwise, there is a high probability that the lining will subsequently deform the working material.

The density of the selected non-woven backing should correspond to the type of main fabric Source i0.wp.com

Advantages and disadvantages

This fabric has few advantages:

• It has very good wear resistance and lasts quite a long time.
• It is quite smooth and pleasant to the touch.
• Retains heat quite well.

Minuses:

• The fabric itself is very poor for sewing clothes. It is more applicable in the manufacture of other things.
• Doesn't hold its shape at all, has virtually no stretch.
• It gets very dirty and collects dust.
• It is practically not ventilated and does not hold water.

Types and properties of cotton fabrics

Natural fabrics fit pleasantly to the body, do not irritate the skin and are highly valued due to the natural origin of the fibers. The variety of ways to process cotton allows you to make many interesting and practical fabrics.

The best cotton for clothing is organic. The material is produced from environmentally friendly plants that have not been genetically modified and grown without the use of chemical fertilizers. The fibers are often collected using the traditional method, by hand. Organic cotton is grown in India, Turkey, China, Pakistan, Peru and other countries.

Types of fabric weaving

Not only the composition affects the properties and name of the fabric. The method of weaving the threads is also important.

Plain weave or "thread through thread". In this way, a material with a flat and smooth surface is produced; its main property and advantage over other types is high strength. The following are made using plain weave: Calico - a dense fabric, which may also contain artificial fibers; Batiste - a translucent thin fabric made from twisted yarn. It can be bleached, mercerized, printed and plain-dyed. Chintz is a lightweight fabric obtained from the manufacture of calico. It can be printed or plain-dyed, Voile is a translucent thin fabric, Poplin is a fabric with a small transverse rib, obtained by weaving a thinner warp and a coarser weft, Muslin is a light and thin unfinished fabric, Calico is a harsh fabric made from thick, unbleached threads. Other fabrics are made from calico - muslin, chintz, as well as oilcloth and leatherette, Marquisette - a light thin fabric, Taffeta - a dense glossy fabric. The material is characterized by rigidity, which allows you to create lush draperies and voluminous silhouettes,

Twill weave (asymmetrical shift of threads). In this way, fabrics with small protrusions, dense, rough and heavy are woven. Examples of cotton twill weave fabrics: Denim is a stiff and dense fabric. It was from this material that the first jeans in history were sewn, Bumazeya - a dense, warm, soft fabric of twill weave with a brush on the reverse side, Tartan - a fabric with a colored pattern in the form of a large check, Flannel - a soft material with one-sided or double-sided brushing. It comes in both twill weave and plain weave.

Satin weave (weft threads on the front side). Such materials are distinguished by their shiny surface and smoothness. Example: Satin is a smooth, dense and silky fabric with a shine.

Finishing method

Cotton fabrics are also distinguished according to the finishing method, that is, a complex of chemical and physical effects on the material. This procedure allows you to improve the appearance and consumer forms of textile products. There is preliminary finishing (boiling, bleaching, mercerization), dyeing, printing, napping, calendering and other manipulations with fabrics and fibers.

Physical and mechanical treatment can improve the appearance of the fabric, add softness and make the material more durable.

Properties of cotton fabrics

Natural fabrics are made from natural materials, so they are pleasant to the touch, do not irritate the skin and are environmentally friendly. All cotton fabrics have an impressive list of advantages.

Hygroscopicity - the ability to absorb moisture. The high hygroscopicity of the material means that cotton clothing will be comfortable in the hot season Hypoallergenic - does not cause irritation, redness and itching of the skin Air permeability - the structure of the fibers and the interweaving of threads ensure free air circulation and heat exchange Durability - the fabric can withstand breaking loads more than wool and almost the same same as silk. The high strength of the material ensures its practicality. Thermoplasticity - cotton is able to “remember” the shape that is given to it during heating. This means that cotton can be ironed to smooth the surface and for design purposes. Warmth retention - despite being lightweight, cotton provides warmth because the hollow fibers trap air. Lightness and softness - the fabric does not impede movement and fits comfortably to the body.

Natural fabrics are not as durable as synthetic ones and almost always wrinkle. Cotton is also not without its disadvantages:

• Sensitivity to light and high temperatures - after prolonged heating and exposure to sunlight, the strength of cotton can decrease by 2 times.
• Pure cotton fabric wrinkles and frays a lot.
• High sensitivity to alkalis and inorganic acids.
• Using harsh cleaning products will ruin the cotton. However, treating cotton fibers with caustic soda, that is, caustic soda, allows you to create strong, smooth, shiny threads. This process is called mercerization.

Cotton fabric is affordable and hygienic; clothes made from it are light and pleasant. The shortcomings of the material can be easily dealt with if the fabric is properly cared for and things are stored carefully.

What were they made from paper tissue?

Despite the shortcomings, the material was used quite widely; it was used to make:

• Bags and other industrial products.
• They sewed various versions of poor clothes.
• Cases and straps as elements of military uniform.
• Some types of workwear.

Things that were made from paper tissue

What is the cost of this fabric now?

Since it is no longer being done in its pure form, it is unrealistic to give any figure. Other fabrics based on it or similar, for example, cotton, currently cost from 20 to 1000 rubles per meter of fabric in Russia.

Paper fabric is far from the best representative of materials for sewing in its pure form and is not suitable for sewing things. However, it became the ancestor for many beautiful fabrics, which are now used everywhere and often for sewing a wide variety of things and products.

How to glue non-woven fabric

When working with such cushioning material, it is important to adhere to simple rules. Often, a lack of skills in gluing such material leads to significant curvature of the surface of the base and rapid peeling of the backing itself. The following recommendations will prevent the above problems from occurring:

• Despite the non-woven origin of the cushioning material, the fabric must be cut along the edge, similar to ordinary fabric.
• A practical method is to determine in advance the optimal temperature, as well as the duration of the influence of the hot iron, at which gluing occurs ideally. In addition, it is important to focus the temperature indicator on a more sensitive material.
• You can avoid accidental damage to the main material or the surface of the heating device by using an ironing iron (auxiliary cotton material). It can be used as a small piece of calico.
• During operation, it is necessary to move the iron from one place to another evenly. The duration of the delay at the same point is about ten seconds. Do not continuously move the tool across the fabric surface. Otherwise, the adhesive layer will simply stretch, and multiple bubbles and distortions will appear on the fabric.
• After completing the gluing procedures, it is important to wait until the part has completely cooled down. The latter will prevent possible separation of the cushioning material and deformation of the element.

Having learned how to properly glue non-woven fabric to fabric, you can do this work yourself if necessary. This will help you sew high-quality clothes and make attractive home textiles.