The modern textile industry produces a huge number of different materials of synthetic origin, one of which is PAN. The abbreviation PAN stands for polyacrylonitrile, and similar polymer fibers are used to make acrylic, nitron, orlon, prelan, crelon, redon and other fabrics with similar properties.
Warm and soft material, reminiscent of wool in appearance and feel, is used for sewing a variety of clothes and for making home textiles. Products with the addition of PAN fiber hold their shape well, do not fade in the sun and do not require special care.
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile
To understand whether a material is natural or not, you need to know its production scheme. You could say that PAN is made from air - carbon is used to create these fibers. Otherwise, the resulting material is also called carbon fiber.
Polyacrylonitrile threads were created a long time ago - in 1880. The inventor is Edison, who is known to the world as a scientist who brought many useful things into our lives: an incandescent lamp, a telephone, a telegraph, etc. He created PAN filaments just for light bulbs.
Carbon fibers were later used as a component of rocket engines. This material turned out to be the only one suitable for heat resistance, strength and protection from caustic liquids.
To produce carbon fibers, several chemical operations are carried out. First, oxidation occurs, which produces carbon structures. They are further worked with - heated in nitrogen or argon. The ultimate goal is to increase the carbon amount to 99%.
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The raw materials for production are most often viscose and PAN fibers, but lignin, phenolic resins or petroleum and coal residues can also be used. PAN is dyed in liquid form with permanent dyes, so this material is not afraid of fading and molting.
Polyacrylonitrile goes on sale both in 100% composition in the form of fabric and threads, and can be the basis for other materials (up to 50% content). A common type of PAN product is non-woven canvas and yarn. Polyacrylonitrile threads can be either continuous or stapled (cut) - they are used to produce fabric similar in structure to wool. This material is also called artificial wool.
Origin story
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was first synthesized in 1930 by scientists at the German chemical concern Farben. But, since the resulting material could not be exposed to any of the known industrial solvents, further research on PAN was frozen.
In 1938, the first fibers were obtained, but commercial implementation turned out to be impossible due to the war that soon began. The first mass production of PAN fiber began in 1946 by the American concern DuPont.
There is a common view that German intellectual property was stolen because the Orlon-branded product was based on a patent filed exactly seven days after a virtually identical application was filed in Germany.
Thus, the predecessor of acrylic was a soft fluffy Orlon fabric, which was called artificial wool. Its only drawback was uneven coloring, but scientists eliminated this by inventing a molten coloring method. This is how acrylic fabric was created, which has the international name PAN.
Description of PAN
Otherwise, PAN is simply called acrylic. It belongs to the class of synthetics, as a result of which it has its own pros and cons that are characteristic of artificial fabrics.
Polyacrylonitrile may look different depending on the thickness of the threads from which the fabric is woven. This can be a non-woven material (for example, a thin blanket) or a knitted cardigan with a fine industrial knit. They also make acrylic yarn, from which needlewomen can knit any product of large or small knitting - in composition it will be 100% or 50% PAN.
It is also difficult to more accurately describe the appearance of the material because polyacrylonitrile fibers are added to other fabrics. You can know for sure whether a product contains PAN fibers by reading the composition on the label. There may be a Russian or English abbreviation indicated (pan), or it may be written - acrylic.
Technical characteristics of polyacrylonitrile fiber:
Below are the technical characteristics of polyacrylonitrile fiber for concrete.
| Fiber | Density, g/cm3 | Diameter, microns | Modulus of elasticity, MPa | Tensile strength, MPa | Elongation at break, % | Alkali resistance |
| FibARM Fiber WB | 1,17 | 14-31 | <11 | >450 | 26 | ++ |
Advantages and disadvantages
To decide whether you want to purchase a product made of polyacrylonitrile, you need to familiarize yourself with all the advantages and disadvantages of this material.
There are many advantages, these are:
- The softness and lightness of the fabric, acrylic cardigans can even be compared with cashmere ones in terms of the pleasantness of touching the body.
- This faux fabric doesn't wrinkle, so if you dry and store it carefully, you won't have to iron it. It is also easy to take with you on the road.
- PAN is called artificial wool for a reason - this material is warm enough to be used to make winter sweaters, cardigans and other clothes.
- Some items of workwear can also be made of polyacrylonitrile. It will not deteriorate from contact with caustic liquids: alkalis, acids, acetone or gasoline. Also, if it is necessary to clean clothes from persistent contaminants (for example, paint), you can use rough dry cleaning methods.
- Due to the fact that the threads are dyed in the state of liquid raw materials, they are not afraid of direct rays of the sun or daily wear. The paint will remain on the product until the end (such things don’t even fade).
- Despite the fact that this is an artificial material, it does not cause problems for allergy sufferers. Moreover, dust mites and other insects that love natural fibers do not live in it.
There are also several disadvantages that are common to many synthetic fabrics:
- In acrylic clothing, the skin will not be able to breathe, so if you are prone to sweating or are going to wear the item in a warm room, take this into account. But this can be considered as an advantage for a cold street, since an acrylic sweater will act as thermal underwear.
- Washing clothes in hot water can cause them to stretch. The same applies to ironing.
- Acrylic may pill, so be careful not to rub your clothes against anything. If this happens, they can be easily removed.
- Fabric accumulates static electricity.
- Stains that get on the item will be difficult to clean. The structure of the threads is such that it quickly absorbs dirt, especially oil.
Fire-retardant impregnations for various types of fabrics
Fire protection of fabric from
Fire-bioprotection of fabric is a modern approach to solving the issue of increasing the fire safety and fire resistance of products made from natural and synthetic fabrics. Fire-bioprotective compounds can be used for linen, cotton, mixed, silk, wool and wool blend fabrics, as well as various carpets.
When burning material treated with fire retardants, substances are formed that slow down the thermal decomposition of the substrate, and a large amount of non-combustible gases are released, which weaken the effect of oxygen, which sharply reduces the combustion rate.
Fabric protected by impregnation is practically incapable of burning and, as a result, stops the spread of fire.
In addition, treating the fabric with a bioprotective composition protects it from mold.
The main advantages of fire protection for fabric fibers
Fire-retardant impregnation of fabric as a means of fire protection and antiseptic
Fire retardant properties
Provides flame-retardant fabric (according to GOST R 50810-95).
The treated fabrics are not flammable (according to GOST R 53294-2009), and have fire hazard ratings T2 (moderately dangerous toxicity of combustion products), D2 (moderate smoke-generating ability).
Effect on fabric properties
Does not change strength, color, pattern. Fabrics treated with Nortex-X do not visually differ from untreated ones; there are no salt stains on them.
Smell
Does not impart odor to fabric.
Delivery form
Supplied in the form of a ready-made solution and concentrate.
Material Applications
PAN fibers are used to produce fabric for sewing warm clothes: sweaters, cardigans, etc. They also make various home furnishings: bedspreads, rugs, even soft toys and curtains. This material is suitable for making artificial fur coats and sheepskin coats.
Non-woven fabrics are used in the production of banners, advertising signs, etc. PAN is resistant to temperature changes, so it is also used in technical fields.
Needlewomen leave positive reviews about acrylic yarn made from polyacrylonitrile. It can be purely artificial or diluted with wool, which makes it more accessible for purchase.
Main types of jacquard fabrics
Again, let me clarify that I am only considering options for home use and not considering clothing.
- Jacquard satin is an elite fabric that is used exclusively for bed linen. Its composition is 100% cotton. Recently you can find them with minor synthetic admixtures.
- Jacquard silk is the most expensive type of fabric. 100% cotton composition is used in bed linen. Silk with an admixture of synthetics of no more than 10% is used both in cheaper bed linen and in the most beautiful and light women's outfits. The third type of silk is artificial, it has nothing similar to natural silk, except for the name. It is used in bed linen and women's clothing. Most often, jacquard is simply printed on artificial silk. I won’t say anything about this fabric; its main advantage is its low price with the loud name “Jacquard-silk”.
- Jacquard-satin is an amazingly beautiful and pleasant fabric for sewing unique curtains or bedspreads. Satin adds shine and nobility to any interior. The jacquard pattern, in turn, will create something very refined on the surface of the finished product and will emphasize your taste.
- Jacquard linen - most often used for tableware. Composition 50/50 cotton with synthetic threads. Some people use this fabric in bedding, but this is a matter of taste.
Recommendations for care
- Wash in cold water (not higher than 30 degrees).
- Hand or machine washing on a delicate cycle is allowed (separate from other items, otherwise pilling may form).
- You can use powder or liquid detergent.
- It is not advisable to unscrew it, because the wet fabric stretches a lot.
- PAN can withstand cleaning with gasoline or acetone, but products containing phenols or formaldehyde can ruin the item.
- Ironing should be done carefully, with a slightly heated iron, through a damp cloth or gauze. If you press a hot iron directly against the fabric, it will become rippled and stiff. For the same reason, acrylic should not be dried near heaters.
- It is advisable to dry in a horizontal position so as not to stretch the product or deform it.
Technology for introducing polyacrylonitrile fiber:
Based on the results obtained, the following order of introducing components into the concrete mixer in the production of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures has been proposed, which allows to avoid clumping of PAN fiber:
– cement, sand,
–water at the rate of 150...160 l/m3 of fiber-reinforced concrete mixture,
– coarse aggregate,
– PAN fiber in a given quantity,
– water in the amount necessary to obtain a given workability grade.
Combed cotton
Natural fiber. The combed yarn is high quality, smooth, durable and elastic. It is made from the best varieties of long-staple cotton by carefully combing the material, which significantly improves its consumer properties. Socks made from combed cotton are gentle on the skin and very comfortable. Another plus is that combed cotton socks do not pill when washed properly.
Linen is a natural fiber with unique properties:
- greater breathability - in linen socks, feet “breathe”; - high hygroscopicity - flax material is able to absorb three times more moisture than it weighs; - a natural antiseptic - pathogenic bacteria and fungi are not able to multiply in flax fibers; - hypoallergenic - linen products do not cause allergies; - durability - linen socks look like new after a large number of washes; — Flax yarn is strong and durable; it does not shrink at high temperatures and washing.
What is Pan? ↑
With such a high prevalence of bank plastic cards, which have already become a traditional companion for every person, few can clearly explain how they are designed and how they work.
Let's look at this in a little more detail. Each bank card is a small piece of flexible plastic equipped with a magnetic stripe on one side.
This tape is a kind of password that is read by the payment terminal device. The information that devices read from a bank card is called Pan - a kind of identifier.
Do you want to know how to disable the Alpha Check service? Instructions, as well as detailed information on this issue, are located at the provided link. And if you are interested in how to get life insurance for a mortgage in Sberbank 2021, then you just need to follow the link and read the article.
Reviews
Alena Aksakova
Seamstress
rnI first came across the pan material when I was choosing fabric to sew a set of curtains and bedspreads for a bed. I wanted the fabric for the curtains and bedspreads to be, if not the same, then similar. Fortunately, pan can be used to make both a bedspread and chic curtains that will protect from the sun and make the room cozy. The piece of fabric was relatively inexpensive, which, of course, made me happy. At home, in a couple of evenings I sewed an excellent bedspread and processed the curtains, trimming the material. This can be done easily on a regular household sewing machine. The canvas behaves perfectly in work, does not crumble or shift. The products turned out to be very successful and fit harmoniously into the interior.
Anna Gerasimova
I like pan clothes
For winter I needed a warm skirt. Natural wool is too finicky to care for and use, but I wanted something simpler, so that I could put it on right away without any hassle and not worry about the safety of the item. Artificial wool has become the best solution. This material is very durable and does not require special care, which will take a lot of time. It looks beautiful and neat. Many of my friends could not even distinguish pan from natural wool. The skirt made from this fabric is of high quality and warm. The only drawback is that it gets electrified and sticks to your feet. But I purchased an antistatic agent, and the problem was immediately solved.
Natalia Ermakova
Autolady
A faux wool coat is my everyday item of clothing that I wear not only in the fall and spring, but also in warm winter weather. I've been caught in heavy snow a couple of times in this coat. I noticed that the material does not allow wet snow to pass through. It's comfortable in the car. If it's windy outside, the cold doesn't let in. Of course, it’s not suitable for severe frosts, but it’s an excellent demi-season option. My coat has a classic style, nothing superfluous, it looks elegant and strict. Can be combined with various additions, the item always looks advantageous.
