Improvements in technology and growing consumer demand contribute to the emergence of different types of materials that differ from each other in their properties. People prefer to choose clothes that are beautiful and pleasant to the touch, comfortable to wear and do not require complex care. The footer has all these properties. Unfortunately, not everyone is familiar with this material, which deserves a lot of attention, since it was made from natural raw materials and a large percentage of natural fiber still predominates in its composition.
The description of footer fabric and reviews about it will be discussed in detail in this article.
History of the material
No one can say the exact place and date of the appearance of the footer. Some believe that the fabric was first made in the post-war years in the USSR, others think that it appeared abroad in the 30s.
Scientists offer another version according to which the footer has Indian or Egyptian roots . The assumption is based on the fact that in these regions cotton fabrics were produced from independently grown raw materials. But at that time there were no such technologies as now, so one can only guess that in the distant past they made some kind of footer material.
But the name of the fabric definitely has German roots. Futter is translated as lining fabric. Not to be confused with the German word Fetter, which has a completely different meaning.
Although no one knows the author of the material, many manufacturers and consumers are grateful to this unknown person who was able to invent and create a fabric with a unique lined weave. Clothing for adults and children, as well as other things needed in everyday life, are made from soft, practical and unpretentious material.
Kinds
Peñe demonstrates all the characteristic properties of knitted fabric of this group. It is produced in three versions: single-strand, 2-thread, 3-thread.
- Penye compact is made from the highest quality threads. It is also called Extra or Super. It is distinguished by the smoothness of the front surface, the absence of shrinkage and peelability. Holds its shape perfectly and is highly resistant to abrasion. Doesn't wrinkle.
- Ring - foam made from medium-length fibers. The surface of the material does not have an impeccable silkiness; it is slightly fleecy.
- Openend is a short-fiber knitwear that is affordable. The surface has a “fluff”. The material is inferior in performance characteristics to other types of lining - it wears out faster, peels, and shrinks.
Footer production and composition
In the manufacture of lining, cotton fiber is used, which is obtained from cotton. As the seeds ripen, the plant capsules open, and then soft fibers are collected from them. Raw materials are collected manually or using a combine . At factories, the material is cleared of seeds entangled in them and sorted by length. The grouped fibers are pressed, resulting in yarn.
To create a special texture of fabric, weaving with two types of threads is used:
- Normal smooth, strong at the base.
- Loose, soft, slightly twisted footer.
Increasing the strength and elasticity of the fabric is achieved by adding a small amount of synthetic threads to cotton, which do not allow the material to wrinkle.
The result of production is a double-sided fabric. The front side has a dense and smooth surface, consisting of small knitting loops, and the back side has a soft and fluffy texture with short pile. Products made from foam footer are considered to be of the highest quality, since the highest grade raw materials are used for them.
Hand wash products
Hand washing of items made from the densest and thickest footer is carried out at 50-60˚C. Thin knitwear needs to be washed at lower heat - no more than 40˚C.
A suitable detergent from a range of gentle formulations is dissolved in the collected water, heated to the required temperature.
Items that have noticeable extensive contamination are kept in a soap solution for 20 minutes, and then washed with careful squeezing movements without active friction and torsion.
Use cool water for rinsing. Squeeze out excess moisture with your palms, preventing things from twisting.
Wash by hand
Varieties of looped fabric
Footer can be made from different numbers of threads, so its density can vary in the resulting fabrics. The quality of the fibers also affects the properties of the future fabric. Based on the degree of density, the following types of footer are distinguished:
- Single thread fabric (footer cotton) . The thinnest type of fabric, which is made in one thread. The material consists entirely of cotton, therefore it is environmentally friendly. This type of footer is usually used to make children's clothing that has a velvety underside.
- Two-thread fabric (two-thread footer) . Double-thread fabric has a higher degree of density and has a noticeable pile on the reverse side. The two-strand material feels like terry. With this technology, polyester, viscose or lycra are often added to cotton. Lycra promotes greater elasticity of knitwear, as well as maintaining the shape of things. With a synthetic additive, the fabric becomes stronger and more attractive. Two-thread footer is also called French terry, which translates as terry knitwear. The material has a wide range of applications.
- Three-thread material (three-thread footer) . What kind of fabric is three-thread cotton? This footer is very dense and has a thick pile on the inside. Warm fabric usually contains a high percentage of cotton with the addition of wool, polyester or lycra. Three-thread footer is used to make outerwear and tracksuits for cold seasons.
- Footer with fleece . A popular variety of three-thread brushed fabric is gray melange, which contains 80% cotton and 20% synthetics. Fabric with a pleasant color scheme is used for sewing warm suits for sports and elements of outerwear. Melange footer is non-staining, which is important for sportswear and home use.
Description
Some believe that footer appeared in countries traditionally focused on growing cotton and producing fabric from it, for example, in India or Egypt. This is hardly true; in order to knit a footer, you need not only cotton, but also machines focused on knitwear, and this already indicates the level of technology development.
Due to its properties, the material remains in demand, despite the abundance of new products in the weaving industry. Properties:
- Elastic is knitwear that takes the shape of the body. It hugs all curves, but does not restrict movement at all.
- Eco-friendly - the natural base of the fabric makes it hypoallergenic, the fabric “breathes”, conducts air well and absorbs moisture. Even for people with hypersensitive skin, the footer does not cause irritation or discomfort, only soft, pleasant touches.
- Warm - high density and back pile allow this knitwear to retain heat well without causing a greenhouse effect.
- Wear-resistant - a strong base and weaving technology prevent the formation of pilling, the fabric does not shrink or stretch, and can withstand a large number of washes and active wear.
The disadvantages of the material include the possibility of shrinkage, but if you follow the manufacturers' recommendations for caring for products, such problems will not arise.
Initially, the footer was made only from cotton threads, but today, to improve its performance characteristics and external characteristics, various fibers are added to the composition.
- Wool - the fabric becomes even warmer, but can shrink after washing and cause discomfort. This type of footer is used for sewing outerwear - jackets, sweatshirts, etc.
- Synthetics - polyester and lycra, introduced into the composition of the footer, make it more elastic and beautiful. This fabric is used for women's dressing gowns, sportswear and casual wear.
From completely natural footer, consisting of 100% cotton, wardrobe items for children are sewn: blouses, rompers, overalls, etc. If you are prone to allergic reactions and irritations, choose cotton footer. Let it be less elastic, but safe and comfortable.
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See photos of curtains for the kitchen in Provence style.
Fabric properties
Footer is one of the warmest and most comfortable types of knitwear. With soft brushing on the reverse side, the material is pleasant to the human body. The fabric has already proven itself in the high-quality textile market and is not inferior to many types of fabrics in the following indicators:
- Environmental friendliness . The cotton content makes the material safe for all categories of people. Even a small amount of synthetic additives does not reduce the beneficial properties of the footer. In this it is superior to fleece, which has similar qualities, but is made from synthetic raw materials.
- Hypoallergenic . The fabric does not cause itching or irritation on the skin. The material does not emit any harmful substances.
- Air exchange . With the lined weave and fiber structure, excellent air circulation is achieved, which ensures oxygen flow to the skin. In such clothes it is never stuffy.
- Hygroscopicity . The material has good moisture absorption. Drops of sweat released during active activities will be easily absorbed by the material.
- Ability to retain heat . With good breathability and hygroscopicity, heat is retained between the material and the body.
- Durability . The dense fabric perfectly withstands mechanical deformation.
- Wear resistance . There are no abrasions, pilling or puffs on the fabric. This makes the footer a durable material.
- Form stability . Loop weaving makes the lined fabric resilient and elastic. After stretching, the canvas returns to its previous appearance.
- Easy care . The material does not require complex rules in maintaining the excellent appearance of the products.
- Affordable price . Things made from high-quality material are available to almost any consumer.
Bleaching things
Bleaching can be carried out to remove yellowed marks from light-colored products.
Ready-made products with aggressive chlorine are not used for delicate lining. For large stains, you can practice cleaning procedures with oxygen bleaches.
If the yellowish or gray marks are insignificant, it is advisable to turn to gels offered by manufacturers for white fabrics. Considering the composition of different types of footer, it is recommended to purchase universal brands:
Lion Hi-Class gel effectively restores whiteness. It is not only used for machine washing. You can add the product to the water when doing hand washing.
Whitening gel
Dr. gel has a pronounced brightening effect. Fresh White. Its soft effect allows you to maintain the shape of things and does not thin out the fibers. Removes stains even in cool water.
Wellery Delicate White gel restores the snow-white tone, keeping things clean and fresh.
Areas of application of footer
Soft, light, but durable fabric has found its use in light industry. Footer is used to make comfortable and practical items of clothing for children and adults.
Today, the production of rompers, warm vests, pants, sweaters and overalls for babies is well established. Children's clothes are very soft , comfortable and hypoallergenic.
Some parents no longer ignore baby diapers made of delicate and warm fabric. Such products absorb moisture well, which is why they are valued. The soft fabric does not create hard folds when swaddling, so the delicate skin of newborns does not experience discomfort.
Many manufacturers produce children's clothes from knitted fabric . In the market and in stores you can find a large number of shirts, pants, skirts, sweaters, sundresses and other things that any child will enjoy wearing. Children's clothing made from footer is easy to care for, and with high wear resistance, you don’t have to worry about maintaining the beautiful appearance of the products.
Casual clothing for adults is made from footer. Girls and women really love soft and comfortable blouses, blouses, skirts and pants made from this material. Hoodies, sweatshirts, leggings and hats are made from double-thread yarn, which are distinguished by their high quality and comfort. Cotton mixed with wool is used to make items that do not come into direct contact with the skin. Such products are jackets and jackets.
The material, pleasant to the touch, is used in the production of bathrobes, pajamas, nightgowns and other home clothes. In such things a person feels light and free.
When cotton is combined with polyester and lycra, the result is a denim footer that is used to make highly stretchable, figure-hugging garments.
Durable and moisture-absorbing fabric is indispensable in sewing sportswear. T-shirts, sweatshirts, pants and suits are made from it, in which a person can move freely. The body does not overheat during active movements and physical activity, and the fabric does not stick to it or rub due to excellent air exchange.
Nuances of care
The products cannot be called capricious. However, violation of the recommendations leads to loss of shape and color, shrinkage and other negative consequences.
In order for things to maintain their original appearance, you must adhere to the following rules:
Author:
Anastasia Kukushkina
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